BACKGROUND The NHS Health Check (NHSHC) is a risk assessment for those aged 40-74 without a pre-existing condition in England, with the aim of preventing stroke, kidney disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. Uptake has been lower than anticipated. Ensuring that a high percentage of eligible patients receive a NHSHC is key to optimising the clinical and cost effectiveness of the programme. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight interventions and invitation methods that increase the uptake of NHSHCs, and to identify whether the effectiveness of these interact with broader patient and contextual factors. METHOD A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist. Papers were eligible if they explored the impact of at least one of (i) interventions, (ii) invitation methods or (iii) broader factors on NHSHC uptake. Ten databases were searched in January 2016 and seven were searched in March 2018. Nine-hundred-and-forty-five papers were identified, 238 were screened and 64 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Nine studies were included in the review. RESULTS The nine studies were all from peer reviewed journals. They included two randomised controlled trials, one observational cohort and six cross-sectional studies. Different invitation methods may be more effective for different groups of patients based on their ethnicity and gender. One intervention to enhance invitation letters effectively increased uptake but another did not. In addition, individual patient characteristics (such as age, gender, ethnicity and risk level) were found to influence uptake. This review also finds that uptake varies significantly by GP practice, which could be due either to unidentified practice-level factors or deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different invitation methods for different population groups. Research should examine how existing invitation methods can be enhanced to drive uptake whilst reducing health inequalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO on 22.02.2016. Registration number CRD42016035626.

中文翻译：

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对影响NHS健康检查采用率的因素进行系统的审查：邀请方法，患者特征以及干预措施的影响。

背景NHS健康检查（NHSHC）是针对40-74岁在英国没有既往疾病的人进行的风险评估，目的是预防中风，肾脏疾病，心脏病，2型糖尿病和痴呆症。摄取低于预期。确保高比例的合格患者接受NHSHC是优化该计划的临床和成本效益的关键。这项系统评价的目的是强调增加NHSHC吸收的干预措施和邀请方法，并确定这些方法的有效性是否与更广泛的患者和背景因素相互作用。方法根据PRISMA检查表进行系统评价。如果论文探索了（i）干预措施中至少一项的影响，（ii）邀请方法或（iii）吸收NHSHC的更广泛因素。2016年1月检索了10个数据库，2018年3月检索​​了7个数据库。鉴定了945篇论文，筛选了238篇论文，评估了64篇全文的资格。该评价包括九项研究。结果九项研究均来自同行评审期刊。他们包括两项随机对照试验，一项观察性队列研究和六项横断面研究。根据患者的种族和性别，不同的邀请方法可能对不同的患者组更为有效。一种提高邀请函的干预措施有效地增加了吸收率，但另一种措施却没有。另外，发现患者的个体特征（例如年龄，性别，种族和风险水平）会影响摄取。这项审查还发现，全科医生的实践吸收差异很大，这可能是由于不确定的实践水平因素或剥夺所致。结论需要进一步的研究来评估不同的邀请方法对不同人群的有效性。研究应研究如何增强现有的邀请方法以增加摄入量，同时减少健康不平等现象。试用注册此系统评价于2016年2月22日在PROSPERO注册。注册号CRD42016035626。研究应研究如何增强现有的邀请方法以增加摄入量，同时减少健康不平等现象。试用注册此系统评价于2016年2月22日在PROSPERO注册。注册号CRD42016035626。研究应研究如何增强现有的邀请方法以增加摄入量，同时减少健康不平等现象。试用注册此系统评价于2016年2月22日在PROSPERO注册。注册号CRD42016035626。