Individualizing patient treatment is a core objective of the medical field. Reaching this objective has been elusive owing to the complex set of factors contributing to both disease and health; many factors, from genes to proteins, remain unknown in their role in human physiology. Accurately diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disorders requires advances in biomarker discovery, the subsequent development of accurate signatures that correspond with dynamic disease states, as well as therapeutic interventions that can be continuously optimized and modulated for dose and drug selection. This work highlights key breakthroughs in the development of enabling technologies that further the goal of personalized and precision medicine, and remaining challenges that, when addressed, may forge unprecedented capabilities in realizing truly individualized patient care.

中文翻译：

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个性化和精准医疗的支持技术。


个体化患者治疗是医学领域的核心目标。由于导致疾病和健康的因素十分复杂，实现这一目标一直难以实现；从基因到蛋白质的许多因素在人类生理学中的作用仍然未知。准确诊断、监测和治疗疾病需要在生物标志物发现方面取得进展，随后开发与动态疾病状态相对应的准确特征，以及可以不断优化和调节剂量和药物选择的治疗干预措施。这项工作强调了推动个性化和精准医疗目标的支持技术发展的关键突破，以及解决后的挑战，可能会在实现真正个性化的患者护理方面形成前所未有的能力。