Investigations on solitons have been carried out for decades in various areas of physics, such as nonlinear photonics, magnetic matter and superconductors. However, producing multidimensional solitary states and manipulation of their motion are still big challenges. In this work, we describe the formation of dynamic multidimensional solitons in a nematic and a cholesteric liquid crystal (LC). These solitons are self-confined director perturbations that propagate rapidly through the LC bulk and preserve their identities after collisions. We tune the velocity of the solitons by electric fields and control their trajectories through alignment layers. We find that the chirality of the cholesteric LC endows the solitons a wave-particle duality, and leads to a variety of fascinating interactions between solitons which cannot be observed in the achiral nematic LC. Furthermore, we also show that these solitons can be used as vehicles for 2D delivery of micro-cargos.

对孤子的研究已经在物理的各个领域进行了数十年，例如非线性光子学，磁性物质和超导体。然而，产生多维孤立状态和对其运动的操纵仍然是巨大的挑战。在这项工作中，我们描述了向列和胆甾型液晶（LC）中动态多维孤子的形成。这些孤子是自限制指向矢扰动，可在LC主体中快速传播并在碰撞后保留其身份。我们通过电场调整孤子的速度，并通过对准层控制其轨迹。我们发现胆甾型LC的手性赋予孤子一个波粒二象性，并导致孤子之间发生各种令人着迷的相互作用，这在非手性向列型LC中无法观察到。此外，我们还表明，这些孤子可以用作微型货物的2D交付工具。