The goal of physical layer security (PLS) is to make use of the properties of the physical layer, including the wireless communication medium and the transceiver hardware, to enable critical aspects of secure communications. In particular, PLS can be employed to provide i) node authentication, ii) message authentication, and, iii) message confidentiality. Unlike the corresponding classical cryptographic approaches which are all based on computational security, PLS's added strength is that it is based on information theoretic security, in which no limitation with respect to the opponent's computational power is assumed and is therefore inherently quantum resistant. In this survey, we review the aforementioned fundamental aspects of PLS, starting with node authentication, moving to the information theoretic characterization of message integrity, and finally, discussing message confidentiality both in the secret key generation from shared randomness and from the wiretap channel point of view. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive roadmap on important relevant results by the authors and other contributors and discuss open issues on the applicability of PLS in sixth generation systems.

中文翻译：

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物理层安全：身份验证、完整性和机密性

物理层安全 (PLS) 的目标是利用物理层的特性，包括无线通信介质和收发器硬件，以实现安全通信的关键方面。特别地，PLS 可用于提供 i) 节点身份验证，ii) 消息身份验证，以及 iii) 消息机密性。与所有基于计算安全性的相应经典密码方法不同，PLS 的附加优势在于它基于信息论安全性，其中假设对对手的计算能力没有限制，因此具有固有的量子抗性。在本次调查中，我们回顾了 PLS 的上述基本方面，从节点身份验证开始，转向消息完整性的信息理论表征，最后，从共享随机性和窃听通道的角度讨论在密钥生成中的消息机密性。这篇综述的目的是为作者和其他贡献者的重要相关结果提供一个全面的路线图，并讨论关于 PLS 在第六代系统中的适用性的开放性问题。