In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called "prince"). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called "flash in the pan", i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of "science sleeping"-"technology [...]. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis.

中文翻译：

---

论文-专利引用链接作为预测延迟识别知识的早期迹象：宏观和微观证据

在这项研究中，我们使用与对照组（即即时识别论文）的比较研究，调查论文的专利引用在多大程度上可以作为预测科学中延迟识别知识的早期迹象。我们通过 Bcp 度量来识别两组相反的论文，这是一种用于识别被延迟识别的论文的无参数指标。我们提供了关于论文-专利引用链接的宏观（科学/自然论文数据集）和微观（从数据集中选择的案例）证据，作为预测科学中延迟公认知识的早期迹象。看起来延迟识别的论文比即时识别论文显示出更强和更长的技术影响。我们提供的迹象表明，在最近几年，延迟识别的论文被专利而不是科学论文（也称为“王子”）更频繁和更早地唤醒。我们还发现，专利引用似乎在避免即时识别论文趋于平稳或成为所谓的“昙花一现”，即即时识别方面发挥了重要作用。看来，睡美人也可能会先遇到负面引用，然后是专利引用，最后得到广泛认可。与即时识别论文的两个重点领域（生物学和化学）相比，延迟识别论文在生物学、化学、心理学、地质学、材料科学和物理学中的分布相当均匀。我们发现了几对“科学沉睡”-“技术[...]。