Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon's index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity.

中文翻译：

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至关重要的相互关系-竞争相互作用是久坐不动生活方式中微生物多样性丧失的基础。

体育锻炼可预防多种疾病的发生，从而改善整体健康状况。近年来，已经观察到体育锻炼通过增加有益细菌的存在和微生物多样性来影响肠道菌群。相反，久坐的生活方式增加了经常伴随微生物多样性丧失的慢性疾病的发病率。肠道菌群是一个广阔的生态系统，微生物在其中以不同的方式相互作用。然而，微生物生态系统之间的相互作用很少被研究。这项研究的目的是确定久坐不动的生活方式的人肠道菌群多样性是否较低，以及微生物多样性与细菌网络相互作用的变化如何相关。为此，饮食，身体成分，体育活动，对于不遵守世界卫生组织体育锻炼建议的个人，他们的特征是久坐和久坐行为。肠道微生物组的组成通过16S rRNA基因测序确定。通过网络分析方法，对具有生活方式的微生物结构进行了重组，比较了网络的复杂性以及细菌之间正负相关性的拓扑，并将其与微生物多样性相关联。久坐的生活方式与低纤维，高糖和加工肉的饮食以及高内脏和总体脂成分显着相关。多样性（系统多样性，Chao，观察到的物种和香农' 与活动个体相比，久坐的肠道菌群的网络复杂性显着降低。各组之间的共生或共生互动相似，但积极的生活方式组的竞争力明显更高。久坐的个人的互惠竞争比是中等的，并且与多样性呈正相关，而活跃的人则没有。这一发现表明，在该比例中有一个临界点，超过这个临界点，微生物群落的稳定性就会丧失，从而导致多样性的丧失。但在活跃个体中却没有。这一发现表明，在该比例中有一个临界点，超过这个临界点，微生物群落的稳定性就会丧失，从而导致多样性的丧失。但在活跃个体中却没有。这一发现表明，在该比例中有一个临界点，超过这个临界点，微生物群落的稳定性就会丧失，从而导致多样性的丧失。