: Hepatitis B remains one of the major global health problems more than 40 years after the identification of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) as the causative agent. A critical turning point in combating this virus was the development of a preventative vaccine composed of the HBV surface (envelope) protein (HBsAg) to reduce the risk of new infections. The isolation of HBsAg sub-viral particles (SVPs) from the blood of asymptomatic HBV carriers as antigens for the first-generation vaccines, followed by the development of recombinant HBsAg SVPs produced in yeast as the antigenic components of the second-generation vaccines, represent landmark advancements in biotechnology and medicine. The ability of the HBsAg SVPs to accept and present foreign antigenic sequences provides the basis of a chimeric particulate delivery platform, and resulted in the development of a vaccine against malaria (RTS,S/AS01, MosquirixTM), and various preclinical vaccine candidates to overcome infectious diseases for which there are no effective vaccines. Biomedical modifications of the HBsAg subunits allowed the identification of strategies to enhance the HBsAg SVP immunogenicity to build potent vaccines for preventative and possibly therapeutic applications. The review provides an overview of the formation and assembly of the HBsAg SVPs and highlights the utilization of the particles in key effective vaccines.

中文翻译：

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乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）亚病毒颗粒作为保护性疫苗和疫苗平台。

：乙型肝炎仍然是人类乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的致病原因，至今仍是全球主要的健康问题之一。对抗这种病毒的关键转折点是开发一种由HBV表面（包膜）蛋白（HBsAg）组成的预防性疫苗，以减少新感染的风险。从无症状HBV携带者的血液中分离HBsAg亚病毒颗粒（SVP）作为第一代疫苗的抗原，然后开发在酵母中产生的重组HBsAg SVP作为第二代疫苗的抗原成分生物技术和医学领域的里程碑式进展。HBsAg SVP接受和呈递外源抗原序列的能力为嵌合颗粒递送平台奠定了基础，并开发了抗疟疾疫苗（RTS，S / AS01，MosquirixTM）和各种临床前候选疫苗来克服没有有效疫苗的传染病。通过对HBsAg亚基的生物医学修饰，可以确定增强HBsAg SVP免疫原性的策略，以建立有效的疫苗以进行预防和治疗用途。审查概述了HBsAg SVP的形成和组装，并着重介绍了颗粒在关键有效疫苗中的利用。通过对HBsAg亚基的生物医学修饰，可以确定增强HBsAg SVP免疫原性的策略，以建立有效的疫苗以进行预防和治疗用途。审查概述了HBsAg SVP的形成和组装，并着重介绍了颗粒在关键有效疫苗中的利用。通过对HBsAg亚基的生物医学修饰，可以确定增强HBsAg SVP免疫原性的策略，以建立有效的疫苗以进行预防和治疗用途。审查概述了HBsAg SVP的形成和组装，并着重介绍了颗粒在关键有效疫苗中的利用。