Abstract

Sago fronds are agricultural waste, whose availability is enormous in Indonesia, yet not optimally utilized. This research was conducted to isolate nanocrystalline cellulose from sago frond material, using sulfuric acid, with variations in hydrolysis times and cationic modifications of the nanocrystalline cellulose surface. The profiles of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicated a decrease in lignin content, hemicellulose, and fiber dimensions, during the delignification, bleaching, and hydrolysis, followed by an increase in the cellulose content and in degrees of crystallinity. The variations in hydrolysis times affected the cellulosic nanocrystalline characteristics. Longer hydrolysis times caused a decrease in the yield, thermal stability, dimensions of nanocrystalline cellulose, and an increase in the degree of crystallinity and surface charge. The modification of nanocrystalline cellulose, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, led to the surface of nanocrystalline cellulose becoming positively charged followed by a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. The resulting nanocellulose had moderate stability and the potential to be applied in wider-scaled material processing.

中文翻译：

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西米叶纳米晶纤维素的阳离子改性

摘要

西米叶是农业废料，在印度尼西亚的供应量很大，但并未得到最佳利用。进行了这项研究，目的是使用硫酸从西米叶状材料中分离出纳米晶纤维素，其水解时间和纳米晶纤维素表面的阳离子改性均发生变化。傅里叶变换红外光谱，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射图谱表明，在脱木质素，漂白和水解过程中，木质素含量，半纤维素和纤维尺寸降低，随后纤维素含量和纤维素含量增加。结晶度。水解时间的变化影响纤维素纳米晶体的特性。较长的水解时间导致纳米晶纤维素的收率，热稳定性，尺寸降低，以及结晶度和表面电荷的增加。使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵对纳米晶纤维素进行改性，导致纳米晶纤维素的表面带正电，从而降低了结晶度和热稳定性。所得的纳米纤维素具有中等的稳定性，并有可能用于更大规模的材料加工中。