Land‐use change has been identified as the most severe threat to biodiversity. Soils are important biodiversity reservoirs, but to what extent conversion of high‐altitude temperate forest to arable land affects taxonomic and functional soil biodiversity is still largely unknown. Shotgun metagenomics was used to determine the taxonomic and functional diversity of bacteria, archaea and DNA virus in terms of effective number of species in high‐altitude temperate oak and pine‐oak forest and arable soils from Mexico. Generally, the soil ecosystem maintained its microbial species richness notwithstanding land‐use change. Archaea diversity was not affected by land‐use change, but the bacterial diversity decreased with 45–55% when the oak forest was converted to arable land and 65–75% when the pine‐oak forest was. Loss in bacterial diversity as a result of land‐use change was positively correlated (R² = 0.41) with the 10–25% loss in functional diversity. The archaeal communities were evener than the bacterial ones, which might explain their different response to land‐use change. We expected a decrease in DNA viral communities as the bacterial diversity decreased, i.e. their potential hosts. However, a higher viral diversity was found in the arable than in the forest soils. It was found that converting high altitude oak and pine‐oak forests to arable land more than halved the bacterial diversity, but did not affect the archaeal and even increased the viral diversity.

中文翻译：

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山区温带森林土壤微生物多样性随土地利用变化而下降：宏基因组学调查。

土地利用变化被确定为对生物多样性的最严重威胁。土壤是重要的生物多样性储集层，但在很大程度上还不知道高海拔温带森林向耕地转化的程度如何影响分类学和功能性土壤生物多样性。gun弹枪宏基因组学用于确定细菌，古生菌和DNA病毒的分类学和功能多样性，其依据是高海拔温带橡树和松橡森林以及墨西哥耕地中有效物种的数量。总体而言，尽管土地利用发生了变化，但土壤生态系统仍保持了其微生物物种的丰富性。古细菌的多样性不受土地用途变化的影响，但是当橡树林转变为可耕地时，细菌多样性下降了45％至55％，而当松树橡树林被转变为65％至75％时。R ² = 0.41），功能多样性损失10–25％。古细菌群落比细菌群落均匀，这可能解释了它们对土地利用变化的不同反应。我们期望随着细菌多样性的减少，即它们的潜在宿主，DNA病毒群落的减少。但是，在耕地中发现的病毒多样性比在森林土壤中更高。结果发现，将高海拔的橡树林和松橡树林改造成耕地可以使细菌多样性减少一半以上，但不会影响古细菌，甚至不会增加病毒的多样性。