The present study assessed the potential benefits of myrcene administration to suppress negative effects of copper exposure on immune-, antioxidant-, tight junction-, stress- and osmoregulatory-related gene expressions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gill. Fish were fed with diets containing 0% (control), 0.5% (M0.5) and 1% (M1) myrcene for 6 weeks, and then, exposed to 0.25 mg/L copper for further two weeks. The fish gill samples were taken for gene expression assays after six and eight weeks. The results showed that there were interaction effects of myrcene levels and copper exposure on superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), heat shock protein-70 (hsp70), interleukin 1-beta (il1b), interleukin 10 (il10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfa), occludin (occl), caludin 3 (cld3), caludin 7 (cld7), and Na+-K+-ATPase (nka) genes expressions. Overall, the M0.5 treatment had significantly lower antioxidant genes expression, and higher hsp70, cytokines, tight-junction proteins, and nka genes expression, compared to the control treatment, before copper exposure. Copper exposure significantly down-regulated most of the tested genes (except il10), however, the M0.5 treatment had significantly higher antioxidant (except gpx), hsp70, cld7, and nka gene expression compared to the control treatment. The M1 treatment showed fluctuated antioxidant gene expressions, down-regulated gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and occl, and up-regulation of cld3 gene expressions, before copper exposure. After copper exposure, this treatment had significantly higher gr and cat expression compared to the control; moreover, there was a marked up-regulation in il10 gene expression in this treatment, which was the highest value among all treatment combinations. In conclusion, copper exposure significantly down-regulates antioxidant-, inflammatory-, and tight junction-related along with hsp70 and nka genes expression in common carp gills. Pre-treatment with 0.5% myrcene is beneficial to suppress such negative effects, probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, myrcene administration must be done with caution, as higher levels may interfere with antioxidant and immune defenses.

中文翻译：

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饮食中单萜，月桂烯对硫酸铜暴露后鲤鱼g免疫和健康相关基因表达的影响。

本研究评估了使用月桂烯抑制铜暴露对鲤鱼immune免疫，抗氧化剂，紧密连接，应激和渗透调节相关基因表达的负面影响。给鱼类喂食含0％（对照），0.5％（M0.5）和1％（M1）月桂烯的饲料6周，然后再暴露于0.25 mg / L的铜中2周。六，八周后取鱼g样品进行基因表达分析。结果表明，月桂烯水平和铜暴露对超氧化物歧化酶（sod），过氧化氢酶（cat），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（gpx），谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶（gst），谷胱甘肽还原酶（gr），热休克蛋白有相互作用影响-70（hsp70），白介素1-beta（il1b），白介素10（il10），肿瘤坏死因子-α（tnfa），occludin（occl），caludin 3（cld3），caludin 7（cld7）和Na + -K + -ATPase（nka）基因表达。总体而言，与对照组相比，在暴露于铜之前，M0.5处理的抗氧化剂基因表达显着降低，hsp70，细胞因子，紧密连接蛋白和nka基因表达显着升高。铜暴露显着下调了大多数测试基因（il10除外），但是与对照处理相比，M0.5处理的抗氧化剂（gpx除外），hsp70，cld7和nka基因表达显着更高。在暴露于铜之前，M1处理显示抗氧化剂基因表达波动，促炎性细胞因子和occl的基因表达下调以及cld3基因表达的上调。铜暴露后，与对照相比，该处理具有显着更高的gr和cat表达；此外，该处理中的il10基因表达有明显的上调，​​这是所有处理组合中最高的。总之，铜暴露显着下调了鲤鱼g中抗氧化剂，炎症和紧密连接的相关基因以及hsp70和nka基因的表达。用0.5％月桂烯进行预处理有利于抑制此类负面影响，这可能是由于其抗氧化特性所致。但是，月桂烯的施用必须谨慎，因为较高的含量可能会干扰抗氧化剂和免疫防御。铜暴露可显着下调鲤鱼g中与抗氧化剂，炎症和紧密连接有关的基因以及hsp70和nka基因的表达。用0.5％月桂烯进行预处理有利于抑制此类负面影响，这可能是由于其抗氧化特性所致。但是，月桂烯的施用必须谨慎，因为较高的含量可能会干扰抗氧化剂和免疫防御。铜暴露可显着下调鲤鱼g中与抗氧化剂，炎症和紧密连接有关的基因以及hsp70和nka基因的表达。用0.5％月桂烯进行预处理有利于抑制此类负面影响，这可能是由于其抗氧化特性所致。但是，月桂烯的施用必须谨慎，因为较高的含量可能会干扰抗氧化剂和免疫防御。