Cholestasis is a result of obstruction of the biliary tracts. It is a common cause of liver pathology after exposure to toxic xenobiotics and during numerous other liver diseases. Accumulation of bile acids in the liver is thought to be a major driver of liver injury during cholestasis and can lead to eventual liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. As such, current therapy in the field of chronic liver diseases with prominent cholestasis relies heavily on increasing choleresis to limit accumulation of bile acids. Many of these same diseases also present with autoimmunity before the onset of cholestasis though, indicating the inflammation may be an initiating component of the pathology. Moreover, cytotoxic inflammatory mediators accumulate during cholestasis and can propagate liver injury. Anti-inflammatory biologics and small molecules have largely failed clinical trials in these diseases though and as such, targeting inflammation as a means to address cholestatic liver injury remains debatable. The purpose of this review is to understand the different roles that inflammation can play during cholestatic liver injury and attempt to define how new therapeutic targets that limit or control inflammation may be beneficial for patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease.

中文翻译：

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炎症：慢性胆汁淤积性肝损伤的原因或后果。

胆汁淤积是胆道阻塞的结果。暴露于有毒的异种生物后以及许多其他肝脏疾病中，这是肝脏病理的常见原因。胆汁酸在肝脏中的积累被认为是胆汁淤积期间肝损伤的主要驱动力，并可能导致最终的肝纤维化和肝硬化。因此，目前在具有显着胆汁淤积的慢性肝病领域中的治疗在很大程度上依赖于胆汁淤积的增加以限制胆汁酸的积累。尽管这些相同的疾病中有许多在胆汁淤积发作之前也具有自身免疫性，这表明炎症可能是病理的起始成分。此外，胆汁淤积过程中会累积细胞毒性炎性介质，并可传播肝损伤。抗炎生物制剂和小分子药物在这些疾病中的临床试验大都失败了，因此，将炎症作为解决胆汁淤积性肝损伤的手段仍然值得商bat。这篇综述的目的是了解在胆汁淤积性肝损伤期间炎症可以发挥的不同作用，并试图确定限制或控制炎症的新治疗靶点如何对慢性胆汁淤积性肝病患者有益。