Installed wind energy capacity has been increasing steadily across the world and is expected to continue to do so in the future, in response to lowering costs of technology as well as increased renewable energy goals put forth by governments. Nonetheless, public opposition has been increasing and the discussion regarding siting wind turbines onshore or offshore is consistently present in public discourse. In combining a stated preference study with spatial data processed via GIS (Geographic Information Systems), spatial preferences for onshore and offshore wind turbines are explored while considering their visual impact and costs as well as controlling for the respondents' socioeconomic characteristics. In general, respondents state strong preferences towards offshore wind turbines as opposed to onshore. Furthermore, spatial data is found to be significant with regard to the preferences of the respondents, particularly respondents' distance to the coast and potential offshore wind farms and the number of wind turbines seen from the residence and the number of turbines in the postal area. As a secondary result, findings suggest socioeconomic characteristics such as age and income are significantly related to respondents’ preferences, in line with previous research.

全球风能装机容量一直在稳步增长，并且随着技术成本的降低以及政府提出的可再生能源目标的提高，预计风能装机容量将在未来继续增长。但是，公众的反对意见一直在增加，关于在海上或海上安装风力涡轮机的讨论一直在公众讨论中进行。通过将既定的偏好研究与通过GIS（地理信息系统）处理的空间数据相结合，探索了陆上和海上风力涡轮机的空间偏好，同时考虑了它们的视觉影响和成本，并控制了受访者的社会经济特征。通常，受访者表示相对于陆上风力涡轮机，他们更偏爱海上风力涡轮机。此外，在受访者的偏好方面，特别是受访者与海岸的距离和潜在的海上风电场以及从住宅中看到的风力涡轮机的数量和邮政地区的风力涡轮机的数量方面，空间数据非常重要。作为次要结果，研究结果表明，年龄和收入等社会经济特征与受访者的偏好密切相关，与先前的研究一致。