Abstract The hydrologic responses of two similar in size watersheds in the Lake Kinneret basin are examined: Karstic Hermon watershed and basaltic Meshushim watershed. The streamflow properties at these watersheds are different in their surface flow to baseflow ratio, runoff coefficients and response to extreme rainfall events. The HYdrological Model for Karst Environment (HYMKE) model, developed to simulate daily flow in karst formation, was modified to address the basaltic formation at the Meshushim watershed. Water fluxes simulations were used to compare the hydrologic processes between the watersheds. The twice-higher annual precipitation in the Hermon watershed, generates annual streamflow that is five times more than in the Meshushim. This amplification of the rainfall-streamflow ratio between the watersheds is because larger fraction of the rainfall is lost to evapotranspiration at the basaltic Meshushim watershed and larger portion of the rainfall percolates to the karstic aquifer through preferential flow and appear as baseflow at the Hermon watershed. During large rainfall events when soil water content is near saturation, lower rainfall amount over the Meshushim watershed generates larger peak flow than the Hermon watershed. In both watersheds, surface flow was generated only when the soil water content is at or near saturation conditions. The streamflow dependency on soil water content, suggests high sensitivity of streamflow generation to the intra-annual variability of precipitation. Understanding the hydrologic response of the different sources of Lake Kinneret improves the ability to forecast its inflow.

中文翻译：

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基尼雷特湖流域岩溶和玄武岩水文地质单元的水文响应

摘要 研究了 Kinneret 湖盆地两个大小相似的流域的水文响应：喀斯特赫蒙流域和玄武岩 Meshushim 流域。这些流域的水流特性在地表流量与基流比、径流系数和对极端降雨事件的响应方面各不相同。岩溶环境水文模型 (HYMKE) 模型是为模拟岩溶地层中的日常流量而开发的，经过修改以解决 Meshushim 流域的玄武岩地层问题。水通量模拟用于比较流域之间的水文过程。Hermon 流域的年降水量高出两倍，产生的年流量是 Meshushim 的五倍。流域之间降雨-水流比的这种放大是因为玄武岩 Meshushim 流域的大部分降雨因蒸腾作用而损失，而大部分降雨通过优先流渗入岩溶含水层，并在 Hermon 流域作为基流出现。在土壤含水量接近饱和的大降雨事件期间，Meshushim 流域上较低的降雨量产生比 Hermon 流域更大的峰值流量。在这两个流域中，只有当土壤含水量处于或接近饱和状态时才会产生地表流。水流对土壤含水量的依赖性表明水流产生对降水的年内变化高度敏感。