Phosphorous (P) fertilization is an important agronomic practice, but its role in enhancing phytoremediation efficacy and mediating detoxification has rarely been reported in environmental remediation studies. In this study, a pot experiment was undertaken to assess: firstly, the effect of P on phytoextraction of Cu by Ricinus communis L.; secondly, the potential mechanisms by differentiating the effects of the plant from that of P fertilizer (Ca(H2PO4)2); and thirdly, the role of P in physiological detoxification. Results showed that the application of P fertilizer significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the plant biomass as well as the Cu concentrations in plant tissues. This enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency represented by the total Cu extraction (up to 121.3 μg Cu plant-1). Phosphorous (P) fertilizer led to a negligible decline in soil pH (0.2 units) but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the concentrations of soil available in Cu and Fe, due to the formation of insoluble Cu/Fe-phosphate precipitates. Nevertheless, P fertilizer still improved the accumulation and extraction of Cu by R. communis, most likely attributable to the Fe-deficiency induced by applied P fertilizer. Moreover, the application of P fertilizer revealed a significant reduction in MDA, and a profound (p ≤ 0.05) elevation in the amount of photosynthetic pigments, GSH and AsA, along with the enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT). In this way, Cu toxicity was alleviated. P fertilizers not only enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of Cu-contaminated soils by R. communis, but they also facilitate detoxification, which improves our understanding of the role of P in phytoremediation technologies.

中文翻译：

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结合植物修复效率和解毒来评估磷在耐铜的蓖麻中的作用。

磷肥是重要的农艺学方法，但是在环境修复研究中很少报道其在提高植物修复功效和介导排毒中的作用。在这项研究中，进行了盆栽试验以评估：首先，磷对蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）对铜的植物提取的影响；其次，通过将植物的影响与磷肥（Ca（H2PO4）2）的影响区分开来的潜在机理；第三，磷在生理解毒中的作用。结果表明，磷肥的施用（p≤0.05）显着提高了植物的生物量以及植物组织中的铜含量。这提高了以总铜提取量（最多121.3μgCu plant-1）为代表的植物修复效率。磷肥对土壤pH的影响可忽略不计（0。2个单位），但由于形成了不溶性的Cu / Fe-磷酸盐沉淀，显着（p≤0.05）降低了Cu和Fe中土壤的浓度。尽管如此，磷肥仍然改善了Communis铜对铜的积累和提取，这很可能归因于施用磷肥引起的铁缺乏。此外，施用磷肥显示MDA显着降低，光合色素GSH和AsA含量显着提高（p≤0.05），同时抗氧化酶（SOD，POD和CAT）的活性增强。 。这样，减轻了Cu毒性。磷肥不仅提高了普通对虾对铜污染土壤的植物修复效率，而且还促进了解毒作用，从而增进了我们对磷在植物修复技术中作用的认识。