Abstract According to a survey conducted by Grand View Research, the market demand for medical grade UHMWPE has raise remarkably from 60.9 kilotons up to 204.8 kilotons during 2015–2024 valued at $1.36 billion (USD) with a compound annual growth rate of 15%. There are various materials available for medical implants comprising of metals, ceramics and polymers among them UHMWPE has been used widely. The wide impact of UHMWPE in medical field is due it’s superior biocompatibility, chemical resistance, low wear volume (0.68 mm3), ultimate tensile strength (41.3 MPa), low coefficient of friction [In dry condition (0.12–0.15)] and high crystallinity (more than 90%). However, wear debris, oxidative degradation due to generation of free radicals when subjected to irradiation with gamma rays and low ageing of implant are some critical problems observed in UHMWPE based implants in human body. These severe problems have been resolved using various innovative methodologies to enhance the properties of UHMWPE, comprising of surface modification techniques for pure UHMWPE as well as composite reinforced UHMWPE. The enhancement in properties of pure UHMWPE is achieved using electron beam or atmospheric cold plasma treatment. The reinforced composites are majorly developed by reinforcement of materials such as hydroxyapatite, Multi walled carbon nanotubes, Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), graphene oxide, DLC films, Gallic acid and Dodecyl gallate along with base UHMWPE matrix material. Based on the recent studies, Comparative study of these functionalization techniques along with the ameliorated surface or bulk properties along with it’s diverse application in medical implant fields (Total hip arthroplasty, joint implants, bone tissue engineering) has been discussed extensively. Descriptive study of pure UHMWPE along with it’s composite to functionalize the properties of the medical implants has been included in this review along with it’s future scope succeeding the review.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学应用的 UHMWPE：性能和功能化

摘要 根据 Grand View Research 的一项调查，医疗级超高分子量聚乙烯的市场需求在 2015-2024 年期间从 60.9 千吨显着增加到 204.8 千吨，价值 13.6 亿美元，复合年增长率为 15%。有多种可用于医疗植入物的材料，包括金属、陶瓷和聚合物，其中 UHMWPE 已被广泛使用。UHMWPE 在医疗领域的广泛影响是由于其优越的生物相容性、耐化学性、低磨损量 (0.68 mm3)、极限拉伸强度 (41.3 MPa)、低摩擦系数 [干燥条件下 (0.12–0.15)] 和高结晶度（超过 90%）。然而，磨损碎片，由于受到伽马射线照射时产生自由基而导致的氧化降解和植入物的低老化是在基于 UHMWPE 的人体植入物中观察到的一些关键问题。这些严重问题已通过各种创新方法得到解决，以提高 UHMWPE 的性能，包括纯 UHMWPE 和复合增强 UHMWPE 的表面改性技术。使用电子束或大气冷等离子体处理可以提高纯 UHMWPE 的性能。增强复合材料主要通过增强材料如羟基磷灰石、多壁碳纳米管、维生素 E（α-生育酚）、氧化石墨烯、DLC 薄膜、没食子酸和没食子酸十二烷基酯以及基础 UHMWPE 基质材料而开发。根据最近的研究，这些功能化技术的比较研究以及改善的表面或体积特性及其在医疗植入物领域（全髋关节置换术、关节植入物、骨组织工程）中的不同应用已被广泛讨论。对纯 UHMWPE 及其复合材料的描述性研究已包括在本次审查中，以及审查后的未来范围。