Adolescents are spending an increasing amount of their time online and connected to each other via digital technologies. Mobile device ownership and social media usage have reached unprecedented levels, and concerns have been raised that this constant connectivity is harming adolescents' mental health. This review synthesized data from three sources: (a) narrative reviews and meta-analyses conducted between 2014 and 2019, (b) large-scale preregistered cohort studies and (c) intensive longitudinal and ecological momentary assessment studies, to summarize what is known about linkages between digital technology usage and adolescent mental health, with a specific focus on depression and anxiety. The review highlights that most research to date has been correlational, focused on adults versus adolescents, and has generated a mix of often conflicting small positive, negative and null associations. The most recent and rigorous large-scale preregistered studies report small associations between the amount of daily digital technology usage and adolescents' well-being that do not offer a way of distinguishing cause from effect and, as estimated, are unlikely to be of clinical or practical significance. Implications for improving future research and for supporting adolescents' mental health in the digital age are discussed.

中文翻译：

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年度研究回顾：数字时代的青少年心理健康：事实、恐惧和未来方向。

青少年花费越来越多的时间上网并通过数字技术相互联系。移动设备拥有量和社交媒体使用量达到了前所未有的水平，人们担心这种持续的连接正在损害青少年的心理健康。本综述综合了来自三个来源的数据：(a) 2014 年至 2019 年间进行的叙述性综述和元分析，(b) 大规模预注册队列研究和 (c) 密集的纵向和生态瞬时评估研究，以总结已知的数字技术使用与青少年心理健康之间的联系，特别关注抑郁和焦虑。该评论强调，迄今为止的大多数研究都是相关的，侧重于成人与青少年，并且产生了经常相互冲突的小正、负和空关联的混合。最新且严格的大规模预注册研究报告称，日常数字技术使用量与青少年幸福感之间的关联很小，无法提供区分因果关系的方法，而且据估计，不太可能具有临床或实际意义。讨论了改进未来研究和支持数字时代青少年心理健康的意义。不太可能具有临床或实际意义。讨论了改进未来研究和支持数字时代青少年心理健康的意义。不太可能具有临床或实际意义。讨论了改进未来研究和支持数字时代青少年心理健康的意义。