Early adulthood is a time when individuals go through important life transitions, such as moving from high school into higher education or employment, but the impact of these life transitions on changes in body weight, diet, and physical activity is not known. We searched six electronic databases to July 2019 for longitudinal observational studies providing data on adiposity, diet, and/or physical activity across education or employment transitions in young people aged between 15 and 35 years. We found 19 studies, of which 17 assessed changes in physical activity, three body weight, and five diet or eating behaviours. Meta‐analysis (n=9) found that leaving high school was associated with a decrease of −7.04 (95% CI, −11.26, −2.82) min/day of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Three studies reported increases in body weight on leaving high school. A small number of studies suggested decreases in diet quality on leaving high school (n=2/4 papers) and leaving university (n=1) but not on starting employment (n=1). Studies suggested no change in physical activity on leaving university (n=4) but decreases in physical activity on starting employment (n=2/3). The transition of leaving high school is an important time to support individuals to prevent decreases in physical activity and gains in body weight.

中文翻译：

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在成年早期的教育和就业过渡期间，体育锻炼，饮食和体重的变化：系统的回顾和荟萃分析。

成年初期是个人经历重要的人生转变的时期，例如从高中过渡到高等教育或就业，但是这些人生转变对体重，饮食和体育锻炼的影响尚不清楚。我们搜索了截至2019年7月的六个电子数据库，以进行纵向观察研究，以提供有关15至35岁年轻人在教育或就业过渡期间的肥胖，饮食和/或身体活动的数据。我们发现19项研究，其中17项评估了体育锻炼，三项体重和五种饮食或饮食行为的变化。荟萃分析（n = 9）发现，高中毕业后每天中度至剧烈运动量减少-7.04（95％CI，-11.26，-2.82）min / day。三项研究报告说，高中毕业后体重增加。少数研究表明，高中毕业（n = 2/4篇论文）和大学毕业（n = 1）时饮食质量下降，但开始就业时（n = 1）没有饮食质量下降。研究表明，大学毕业后的体育锻炼没有变化（n = 4），但刚开始工作时体育锻炼减少了（n = 2/3）。高中毕业是支持个人防止体育活动减少和体重增加的重要时间。