Rapeseed meal (RSM) is an important source of protein, but its value is limited due to the poor digestibility and the presence of many antinutritional factors. In this study, a two-step biological method was developed for detoxifying RSM and increasing its protein value. In the first stage, various detoxifying enzymes and proteases were produced by Aspergillus niger during solid-state fermentation (SSF). In the second stage, coordinated enzymatic hydrolysis was employed to further degrade the antinutritional factors and macromolecular proteins in the fermented RSM. Following fermentation at 30 °C for 48 hr and enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 24 hr, the content of trichloroacetic acid soluble protein (TCA-SP) and glucosinolates (GLS) in RSM was increased by 81.70% and reduced by 30.06%, respectively, compared with that obtained using the SSF process alone. Moreover, to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, the yield of acid protease was increased by optimizing the composition of the medium so that the TCA-SP content was increased to 208.39 mg/g and accounted for 51.62% of the total RSM protein, which was 99.36% and 629.66% higher than that in the fermented RSM and control, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate that the two-step process could be more effective for the degradation of the antinutritional factors and improvement of the protein quality of RSM compared to use of the SSF method alone, which may improve the utilization of RSM in food and animal feed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a protein source that provides high-quality nutrition and can be applied to the development of value-added products for humans and animal feed. To improve the utilization of RSM, a combined method of solid-state fermentation and enzymatic digestion was developed. Compared with the traditional solid-state fermentation method, the present method further improves the quality of RSM and demonstrates improved efficacy in increasing the small peptide content while reducing the levels of antinutritional factors.

中文翻译：

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两步生物法处理菜籽粕

菜籽粕（RSM）是蛋白质的重要​​来源，但由于消化率差和存在许多抗营养因子，其价值受到限制。在这项研究中，开发了一种两步生物方法来解毒 RSM 并增加其蛋白质价值。在第一阶段，黑曲霉在固态发酵 (SSF) 过程中产生各种解毒酶和蛋白酶。在第二阶段，采用协同酶水解进一步降解发酵后的 RSM 中的抗营养因子和大分子蛋白质。30°C发酵48小时，45°C酶解24小时后，RSM中三氯乙酸可溶性蛋白（TCA-SP）和硫代葡萄糖苷（GLS）的含量增加了81.70%，减少了30.06%，分别，与单独使用 SSF 过程获得的结果相比。此外，为提高酶解效率，通过优化培养基组成提高酸性蛋白酶的产率，使TCA-SP含量提高至208.39 mg/g，占RSM总蛋白的51.62%，分别比发酵的 RSM 和对照高 99.36% 和 629.66%。总体而言，这些结果表明，与单独使用 SSF 方法相比，两步法可以更有效地降解抗营养因子和提高 RSM 的蛋白质质量，这可能会提高 RSM 在食品和动物中的利用率。喂养。实际应用：菜籽粕 (RSM) 是一种蛋白质来源，可提供优质营养，可用于开发用于人类和动物饲料的增值产品。为了提高 RSM 的利用率，开发了一种固态发酵和酶消化相结合的方法。与传统的固态发酵方法相比，本方法进一步提高了RSM的质量，并在降低抗营养因子水平的同时提高了小肽含量。