Genetic diversity is the determinant for pest species’ success and vector competence. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the genetic diversity is fundamental to help identify the spatial scale at which pest populations are best managed. In the present study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and evolution of Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereals and a main vector of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), in England. We have used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach to study whether (a) there is any underlying population genetic structure at a national and regional scale in this pest that can disperse long distances; (b) the populations evolve as a response to environmental change and selective pressures; and (c) the populations comprise anholocyclic lineages. Individual R. padi were collected using the Rothamsted Insect Survey's suction‐trap network at several sites across England between 2004 and 2016 as part of the RIS long‐term nationwide surveillance. Results identified two genetic clusters in England that mostly corresponded to a North–South division, although gene flow is ongoing between the two subpopulations. These genetic clusters do not correspond to different life cycle types, and cyclical parthenogenesis is predominant in England. Results also show that there is dispersal with gene flow across England, although there is a reduction between the northern and southern sites with the south‐western population being the most genetically differentiated. There is no evidence for isolation by distance and other factors such as primary host distribution, uncommon in the south and absent in the south‐west, could influence the dispersal patterns. Finally, results also show no evidence for the evolution of the R. padi population, and it is demographically stable despite the ongoing environmental change. These results are discussed in view of their relevance to pest management and the transmission of BYDV.

中文翻译：

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英国鸟樱桃燕麦蚜虫Rhodolosiphum padi的种群遗传结构和周期性孤雌生殖的优势。

遗传多样性是害虫物种成功和媒介能力的决定因素。了解确定遗传多样性的生态和进化过程对于帮助确定最佳管理害虫种群的空间规模至关重要。在本研究中，我们对红景天的遗传多样性和进化过程进行了首次综合分析。是谷物的主要害虫，也是英格兰大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）的主要媒介。我们使用了按基因分型的方法来研究（a）这种有害生物在国家和地区范围内是否存在潜在的群体遗传结构，可以长距离传播；（b）人口的进化是对环境变化和选择性压力的反应；（c）种群包括全环谱系。个人R. padi在2004年至2016年间，使用Rothamsted昆虫调查公司的吸气捕集网在英格兰的多个地点进行了收集，这是RIS长期全国监测的一部分。结果确定了英格兰的两个遗传簇，大多数对应于一个南北分化，尽管两个亚群之间仍在进行基因流动。这些遗传簇并不对应于不同的生命周期类型，并且周期性单性生殖在英格兰占主导地位。研究结果还表明，尽管整个北部和南部站点之间的数量有所减少，但西南人群的遗传分化最为明显，但整个英格兰的基因流却有所分散。没有证据表明可以通过距离和其他因素隔离，例如主要寄主分布，南方不常见，西南不存在，可能会影响分散模式。最后，结果也没有显示出进化的证据。R. padi人口，尽管环境不断变化，但人口结构稳定。鉴于这些结果与害虫管理和BYDV的传播有关，对这些结果进行了讨论。