Genetic diversity is the determinant for pest species’ success and vector competence. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the genetic diversity is fundamental to help identify the spatial scale at which pest populations are best managed. In the present study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and evolution of Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereals and a main vector of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), in England. We have used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach to study whether (a) there is any underlying population genetic structure at a national and regional scale in this pest that can disperse long distances; (b) the populations evolve as a response to environmental change and selective pressures; and (c) the populations comprise anholocyclic lineages. Individual R. padi were collected using the Rothamsted Insect Survey's suction‐trap network at several sites across England between 2004 and 2016 as part of the RIS long‐term nationwide surveillance. Results identified two genetic clusters in England that mostly corresponded to a North–South division, although gene flow is ongoing between the two subpopulations. These genetic clusters do not correspond to different life cycle types, and cyclical parthenogenesis is predominant in England. Results also show that there is dispersal with gene flow across England, although there is a reduction between the northern and southern sites with the south‐western population being the most genetically differentiated. There is no evidence for isolation by distance and other factors such as primary host distribution, uncommon in the south and absent in the south‐west, could influence the dispersal patterns. Finally, results also show no evidence for the evolution of the R. padi population, and it is demographically stable despite the ongoing environmental change. These results are discussed in view of their relevance to pest management and the transmission of BYDV.

中文翻译：

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英国鸟樱桃燕麦蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi 的种群遗传结构和周期性孤雌生殖优势。


遗传多样性是害虫物种成功和媒介能力的决定因素。了解决定遗传多样性的生态和进化过程对于帮助确定害虫种群最佳管理的空间尺度至关重要。在本研究中，我们首次对英格兰的谷类主要害虫和大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）的主要载体稻瘟病菌（ Rhopalosiphum padi ）的遗传多样性和进化进行了全面分析。我们使用测序基因分型方法来研究（a）这种害虫在国家和区域范围内是否存在任何可以长距离传播的潜在种群遗传结构； (b) 人口的演变是对环境变化和选择性压力的反应； (c) 种群由非全环谱系组成。 2004 年至 2016 年间，作为 RIS 长期全国监测的一部分，使用洛桑昆虫调查局的吸捕器网络在英格兰各地的多个地点收集了个体稻田红线虫。结果发现，英格兰有两个基因簇，尽管两个亚群之间的基因流动仍在进行，但它们大多对应于南北划分。这些遗传簇并不对应于不同的生命周期类型，周期性孤雌生殖在英格兰占主导地位。结果还表明，尽管北部和南部地区之间的人口数量有所减少，但英格兰各地的基因流仍然存在扩散，其中西南部人口的基因差异最大。没有证据表明距离和其他因素（例如主要寄主分布（在南部不常见且在西南部不存在））可能影响传播模式。 最后，研究结果还显示，没有证据表明稻米种群的进化，尽管环境不断发生变化，但其种群数量仍保持稳定。鉴于这些结果与害虫管理和 BYDV 传播的相关性，对这些结果进行了讨论。