1. Networks are widely used for modelling landscape connectivity and have many ecological and conservation applications. The nodes in these models describe geographic locations (such as habitat patches or protected areas) and links describe the potential for organisms (or their propagules) to move among nodes.
2. We present the r package grainscape which facilitates working with these networks within a spatially explicit framework. Package analyses are based on the minimum planar graph, a class of network where links among nodes are influenced by the spatial characteristics of features across the entire landscape.
3. Modelling outputs are compatible with downstream packages including igraph for network analysis and ggplot2 for visualization. Tools for analysis (e.g. finding corridors) and scaling networks (e.g. grains of connectivity) are also provided. Models can be exported for visualization and analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) or network software.
4. This package provides a computationally‐efficient programmatic toolbox for many landscape connectivity research questions, enabling researchers to easily customize models, work at large geographic extents, generate their own network metrics, conduct sensitivity analyses and seamlessly employ r statistical functions to test models using biological data. A detailed guide, provided as an Appendix, illustrates common analysis and model variants with accompanying r code.

中文翻译：

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r工具箱grainscape，用于使用空间显式网络对景观连通性进行建模和可视化

1. 网络被广泛用于对景观连通性进行建模，并具有许多生态和保护应用。这些模型中的节点描述了地理位置（例如栖息地或保护区），链接描述了生物（或其繁殖体）在节点之间移动的可能性。
2. 我们提出了r包grainscape，它有助于在空间明确的框架内使用这些网络。打包分析基于最小平面图，最小平面图是一类网络，节点之间的链接受整个景观中要素空间特征的影响。
3. 建模输出与下游软件包兼容，包括用于网络分析的igraph和用于可视化的ggplot2。还提供了用于分析（例如查找走廊）和缩放网络（例如连通性）的工具。可以导出模型，以便在地理信息系统（GIS）或网络软件中进行可视化和分析。
4. 这个软件包提供了许多景观连通研究问题一个计算效率的编程工具箱，使研究人员能够在大的地理范围轻松定制机型，工作，生成自己的网络指标进行敏感性分析和无缝聘请[R使用生物数据的统计功能，测试模型。作为附录提供的详细指南说明了常见的分析和模型变型以及随附的r代码。