The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease.,The FEBS Journal

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The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease.
The FEBS Journal ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-19 , DOI: 10.1111/febs.15217
Placido Illiano ₁ , Roberta Brambilla _{1,

2,

3} , Cinzia Parolini ₄

Affiliation

The intestinal milieu harbours the gut microbiota, consisting of a complex community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and protozoans that bring to the host organism an endowment of cells and genes more numerous than its own. In the last 10 years, mounting evidence has highlighted the prominent influence of the gut mutualistic bacterial communities on human health. Microbial colonization occurs alongside with immune system development and plays a role in intestinal physiology. The community of the gut microbiota does not undergo significant fluctuations throughout adult life. However, bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgery and diet might profoundly affect it. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, defined as marked alterations in the amount and function of the intestinal microorganisms, is correlated with the aetiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases, ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory and metabolic illnesses to cancer. In this review, we focus on the interplay among gut microbiota, diet and host to provide a perspective on the role of microbiota and their unique metabolites in the pathogenesis and/or progression of various human disorders. We discuss interventions based on microbiome studies, that is faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics, to introduce the concept that correcting gut dysbiosis can ameliorate disease symptoms, thus offering a new approach towards disease treatment.

中文翻译：

肠道菌群，饮食和人类疾病的相互作用。

肠道环境中的肠道菌群由细菌，古生菌，真菌，病毒和原生动物组成的复杂群落组成，这些菌群落为宿主生物带来了比其自身数量更多的细胞和基因end赋。在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据凸显了肠道互惠细菌群落对人类健康的显着影响。微生物定植与免疫系统发育同时发生，并在肠道生理中起作用。肠道菌群的群落在整个成年期间不会发生明显的波动。但是，细菌感染，抗生素治疗，生活方式，手术和饮食可能会对其产生深远影响。肠道菌群失调，定义为肠道微生物数量和功能的明显改变，与慢性非传染性疾病的病因相关，从心血管，神经，呼吸和代谢性疾病到癌症。在这篇综述中，我们重点研究肠道微生物群，饮食和宿主之间的相互作用，以提供关于微生物群及其独特代谢产物在各种人类疾病的发病机理和/或进展中的作用的观点。我们讨论了基于微生物组研究的干预措施，即粪便微生物群移植，益生菌和益生元，以介绍纠正肠道营养不良可以改善疾病症状的概念，从而为疾病治疗提供了一种新方法。饮食和宿主为微生物群及其独特的代谢产物在各种人类疾病的发病机理和/或进展中的作用提供了一个视角。我们讨论基于微生物组研究的干预措施，即粪便微生物群移植，益生菌和益生元，以介绍纠正肠道营养不良可以改善疾病症状的概念，从而为疾病治疗提供一种新方法。饮食和宿主为微生物群及其独特代谢产物在各种人类疾病的发病机理和/或进展中的作用提供了一个视角。我们讨论基于微生物组研究的干预措施，即粪便微生物群移植，益生菌和益生元，以介绍纠正肠道营养不良可以改善疾病症状的概念，从而为疾病治疗提供一种新方法。

更新日期：2020-03-02

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