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Paradigm shifts and current challenges in wastewater management.
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122139
María C Villarín 1 , Sylvain Merel 2
Affiliation  

Wastewater is a significant environmental and public health concern which management is a constant challenge since antiquity. Wastewater research has increased exponentially over the last decades. This paper provides a global overview of the exponentially increasing wastewater research in order to identify current challenges and paradigm shifts. Besides households, hospitals and typical industries, other sources of wastewater appear due to emerging activities like hydraulic fracturing. While the composition of wastewater needs constant reassessment to identify contaminants of interest, the comprehensive chemical and toxicological analysis remains one of the main challenges in wastewater research. Moreover, recent changes in the public perception of wastewater has led to several paradigm shifts: i) water reuse considering wastewater as a water resource rather than a hazardous waste, ii) wastewater-based epidemiology considering wastewater as a source of information regarding the overall health of a population through the analysis of specific biomarkers, iii) circular economy through the implementation of treatment processes aiming at harvesting valuable components such as precious metals or producing valuable goods such as biofuel. However, wastewater research should also address social challenges such as the public acceptance of water reuse or the access to basic sanitation that is not available for nearly a third of the world population.

中文翻译:

废水管理的范式转变和当前挑战。

废水是一个重大的环境和公共卫生问题,自古代以来,管理一直是一个挑战。在过去的几十年中,废水研究呈指数增长。本文提供了呈指数级增长的废水研究的全球概述,以识别当前的挑战和范式转变。除了家庭,医院和典型行业外,由于水力压裂等新兴活动,也会出现其他废水来源。尽管需要不断重新评估废水的成分以鉴定出感兴趣的污染物,但是全面的化学和毒理学分析仍然是废水研究的主要挑战之一。此外,公众对废水的看法的最新变化导致了几种模式的转变:i)以废水作为水资源而不是危险废物的水再利用,ii)基于废水的流行病学,通过分析特定的生物标志物将废水作为有关人口整体健康的信息来源,iii)通过实施循环经济旨在收获贵重成分(例如贵金属)或生产贵重物品(例如生物燃料)的处理过程。但是,废水研究还应解决社会挑战,例如公众对水的再利用的接受程度或获得世界近三分之一人口无法获得的基本卫生条件。ii)基于废水的流行病学,通过分析特定的生物标记物,将废水作为有关人口整体健康的信息来源,iii)通过实施旨在收获有价值的成分(例如贵重金属或生产有价值的商品)的处理过程来实现循环经济例如生物燃料。但是,废水研究还应解决社会挑战,例如公众对水的再利用的接受程度或获得世界近三分之一人口无法获得的基本卫生条件。ii)基于废水的流行病学,通过分析特定的生物标记物,将废水作为有关人口整体健康的信息来源,iii)通过实施旨在收获有价值的成分(例如贵重金属或生产有价值的商品)的处理过程来实现循环经济例如生物燃料。但是,废水研究还应解决社会挑战,例如公众对水的再利用的接受程度或获得世界近三分之一人口无法获得的基本卫生条件。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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