BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the gap between countries' self-evaluation and external evaluation regarding core capacity of infectious disease control required by International Health Regulations and the influence factors of the gap. METHODS We collected countries' self-evaluated scores (International Health Regulations Monitoring tool, IHRMT) of 2016 and 2017, and external evaluation scores (Joint External Evaluation, JEE) from WHO website on 4rd and 27rd November, 2018. There were 127 and 163 countries with IHRMT scores in 2016 and in 2017, and 74 countries with JEE scores included in the analysis. The gap between countries' self-evaluation and external evaluation was represented by the difference between condensed IHR scores and JEE. Civil liberties (CL) scores were collected as indicators of the transparency of each country. The Human Development Index (HDI) and data indicating the density of physicians and nurses (HWD) were collected to reflect countries' development and health workforce statuses. Then, chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine the correlation between the gap of IHRMT and JEE, and civil liberties, human development, and health workforce status. RESULTS Countries' self-evaluation scores significantly decreased from 2016 to 2017. Countries' external evaluation scores are consistently 1 to 1.5 lower than self-evaluation scores. There were significantly more countries with high HDI status, high CL status and high HWD status in groups with bigger gap between IHRMT and JEE. And countries with higher HDI status presented a higher risk of having bigger gap between countries' self and external scores (OR = 3.181). CONCLUSION Our study result indicated that countries' transparency represented by CL status do play a role in the gap between IHR and JEE scores. But HDI status is the key factor which significantly associated with the gap. The main reason for the gap in the current world is the different interpretation of evaluation of high HDI countries, though low CL countries tended to over-scored their capacity.

中文翻译：

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国家的透明度是否与国家对《国际卫生条例》核心能力的自我评估和外部评估之间的差距有关？

背景技术本研究旨在评估各国在《国际卫生条例》要求的传染病控制核心能力方面的自我评估与外部评估之间的差距，以及差距的影响因素。方法我们于2018年11月4日至27日从WHO网站收集了各国2016年和2017年的自我评估得分（国际卫生条例监测工具，IHRMT）以及外部评估得分（联合外部评估，JEE）。分别为127和163分析包括2016年和2017年IHRMT得分较高的国家，以及JEE得分的74个国家。各国的自我评价与外部评价之间的差距由简明的《国际卫生条例》得分与JEE之间的差异表示。收集了公民自由（CL）分数，作为每个国家透明度的指标。收集了人类发展指数（HDI）和表明医师和护士密度（HWD）的数据，以反映各国的发展和卫生人力状况。然后，进行卡方检验和逻辑回归，以确定IHRMT和JEE的差距与公民自由，人类发展和卫生人力状况之间的相关性。结果各国的自我评估得分从2016年到2017年显着下降。各国的外部评估得分始终比自我评估得分低1到1.5。在IHRMT和JEE之间的差距更大的群体中，高HDI地位，CL地位和HWD地位较高的国家明显更多。HDI地位较高的国家存在较高的风险，即国家自身和外部得分之间的差距更大（OR = 3.181）。结论我们的研究结果表明，以CL身份表示的国家的透明度确实在IHR和JEE得分之间的差距中发挥了作用。但是HDI的状态是与差距显着相关的关键因素。当前世界出现差距的主要原因是，对高人类发展指数国家的评价的解释不同，尽管低信用指数国家倾向于对其能力进行过度评估。但是HDI的状态是与差距显着相关的关键因素。当前世界出现差距的主要原因是，对高人类发展指数国家的评价的解释不同，尽管低信用指数国家倾向于对其能力进行过度评估。但是HDI的状态是与差距显着相关的关键因素。当前世界出现差距的主要原因是，对高人类发展指数国家的评价的解释不同，尽管低信用指数国家倾向于对其能力进行过度评估。