In this study, we sought to fill an important gap in fundamental immunology research by conducting a comprehensive systems immunology analysis of daily variation in the normal human peripheral immune system. Although variation due to circadian rhythmicity was not a significant source of variation in daily B-cell levels or any CD4+ functional subset, it accounted for more than 25% of CD4+ regulatory T-cell variation and over 50% of CD8+ central memory variation. Circadian rhythmicity demonstrated phase alignment within functional phenotypes. In addition, we observed that previously-described mechanistic relationships can also appear in the peripheral system as phase shifting in rhythmic patterns. We identified a set of immune factors which are ubiquitously correlated with other factors and further analysis also identified a tightly-correlated "core" set whose relational structure persisted after analytically removing circadian-related variation. This core set consisted of CD8+ and its subpopulations and the NK population. In sum, the peripheral immune system can be conceptualized as a dynamic, interconnected wave-field repeating its pattern on a daily basis. Our data provide a comprehensive inventory of synchronization and correlation within this wave-field and we encourage use of our data to discover unknown mechanistic relationships which can then be tested in the laboratory.

中文翻译：

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正常人外周免疫系统的同步：全面的昼夜节律系统免疫学分析。

在这项研究中，我们试图通过对正常人外周免疫系统日常变化进行全面的系统免疫学分析来填补基础免疫学研究的重要空白。尽管由于昼夜节律性引起的变异不是每日B细胞水平或任何CD4 +功能亚群变异的重要来源，但它占CD4 +调节性T细胞变异的25％以上和CD8 +中央记忆变异的50％以上。昼夜节律显示功能表型内的相位对齐。另外，我们观察到先前描述的机械关系也可以在节奏模式中以相移的形式出现在外围系统中。我们确定了一组与其他因素普遍相关的免疫因素，并且进一步的分析还确定了紧密相关的“ 互连的波场每天重复其模式。我们的数据提供了该波场内同步和相关性的综合清单，我们鼓励使用我们的数据来发现未知的机械关系，然后可以在实验室中对其进行测试。互连的波场每天重复其模式。我们的数据提供了该波场内同步和相关性的综合清单，我们鼓励使用我们的数据来发现未知的机械关系，然后可以在实验室中对其进行测试。