Abstract This paper investigates the effects of crosslinking methods on the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) in the process of producing nanocomposites for chemical-resistant protective clothing and gloves. The novel aspect of the study is a comprehensive approach involving both unmodified GO as well as GO that was carboxylated to increase its affinity to XNBR and to facilitate its application. The nanostructure of XNBR composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to elucidate the chemical structure of the composites. Thermal stability studies were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The barrier properties of the composites were determined based on swelling, crosslinking density, and permeation by mineral oils. The mechanical tests included resistance to puncture and abrasion, stress at strain, and tensile strength. Contact angle was measured to determine the degree of hydrophobicity of the obtained composites. AFM and SEM images revealed the effects of different curing agents (sulfur, magnesium oxide, or a hybrid system) as well as GO type on the surface morphology of XNBR composites. The type of curing agent was found to affect the kind of crosslinks formed and their spatial network structure, as confirmed by FTIR. The DSC curves showed that the crosslinking methods of XNBR did not affect glass transition temperature, but led to large changes observed in the temperature range of 130–220 °C. The type of crosslinking method affected the degree of swelling. It was found that the incorporation of carbon nanofillers led to an improvement in the abrasion and puncture resistance as well as tensile strength of XNBR composites. The water contact angle of the composites indicated hydrophobicity. The properties of XNBR composites containing GO revealed their substantial application potential in protective clothing.

中文翻译：

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固化剂和改性氧化石墨烯对XNBR复合材料性能的影响

摘要 本文研究了交联方法对羧化丁腈橡胶（XNBR）中氧化石墨烯（GO）在制备用于耐化学腐蚀的防护服和手套的纳米复合材料过程中的影响。该研究的新方面是一种综合方法，涉及未修饰的 GO 以及经过羧化以增加其对 XNBR 的亲和力并促进其应用的 GO。XNBR复合材料的纳米结构通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）用于阐明复合材料的化学结构。使用差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 进行热稳定性研究。复合材料的阻隔性能是基于溶胀来确定的，交联密度和矿物油渗透率。机械测试包括抗穿刺和耐磨性、应变应力和拉伸强度。测量接触角以确定所得复合材料的疏水程度。AFM 和 SEM 图像揭示了不同固化剂（硫、氧化镁或混合体系）以及 GO 类型对 XNBR 复合材料表面形态的影响。FTIR 证实，固化剂的类型会影响形成的交联类型及其空间网络结构。DSC 曲线表明 XNBR 的交联方法不影响玻璃化转变温度，但导致在 130-220°C 温度范围内观察到的较大变化。交联方法的类型影响溶胀度。结果表明，碳纳米填料的掺入提高了 XNBR 复合材料的耐磨性和抗穿刺性以及拉伸强度。复合材料的水接触角表明其具有疏水性。含有 GO 的 XNBR 复合材料的特性揭示了它们在防护服中的巨大应用潜力。