Lithium (Li) metal has always faced serious challenges of dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency due to the nonuniform electric field distribution and the dynamically changed interface situation. In this paper, the interconnected and closed hollow graphene spheres with an internal load of lithiophilic Li_4.4Sn nanoparticles (Li_4.4Sn/SG) is prepared to improve Li deposition behavior. Both the density functional theory calculations and experimental studies indicate that Li_4.4Sn has higher binding energy and lower nucleation overpotential toward Li than graphene, thus guiding the deposition of Li metal inside the hollow graphene spheres to avoid the generation of uncontrolled Li dendrites and formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the fresh Li surface. Furthermore, the surface of the non-tip graphene spheres can greatly avoid the uneven distribution of charge caused by the tip effect, so as to continuously guide the uniform deposition of Li on the surface of the spheres after the spheres are completely filled with Li, thus achieving a dense Li metal layer free of dendrites. In consequence, the Li_4.4Sn/SG electrode exhibits a long lifespan up to 1000 hours and an exceptionally low overpotential (<18 mV). It is believed that the design of the closed hollow spherical structure with lithiophilic nanoparticle seeds inside is a promising strategy to construct high performance Li metal anodes for lithium batteries.

由于不均匀的电场分布和动态变化的界面状况，锂金属一直面临着树枝状生长和低库仑效率的严峻挑战。在本文中，制备了内部负载为具有亲硫性的Li _4.4 Sn纳米粒子（Li _4.4 Sn / SG）的互连且封闭的空心石墨烯球，以改善Li的沉积行为。密度泛函理论计算和实验研究均表明Li _4.4Sn具有比Li更高的结合能和更低的Li形核潜能，从而引导Li金属在中空石墨烯球体内的沉积，从而避免了不受控制的Li树枝状晶体的产生以及在新鲜Li表面上形成固体电解质界面（SEI）。此外，非尖端石墨烯球体的表面可以极大地避免由于尖端效应而导致的电荷分布不均，从而在球体完全充满了Li后，连续地引导Li均匀地沉积在球体表面，从而获得无枝晶的致密锂金属层。结果，李_4.4Sn / SG电极具有长达1000小时的长寿命和极低的过电势（<18 mV）。可以相信，内部具有锂硫亲核颗粒种子的封闭空心球形结构的设计是构建用于锂电池的高性能锂金属阳极的一种有前途的策略。