Dietary habits are important factors in our lifestyle, and confer both susceptibility to and protection from a variety of human diseases. We performed genome-wide association studies for 13 dietary habits including consumption of alcohol (ever versus never drinkers and drinks per week), beverages (coffee, green tea and milk) and foods (yoghurt, cheese, natto, tofu, fish, small whole fish, vegetables and meat) in Japanese individuals (n = 58,610–165,084) collected by BioBank Japan, the nationwide hospital-based genome cohort. Significant associations were found in nine genetic loci (MCL1-ENSA, GCKR, AGR3-AHR, ADH1B, ALDH1B1, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, CYP1A2-CSK and ADORA2A-AS1) for 13 dietary traits (P < 3.8 × 10⁻⁹). Of these, ten associations between five loci and eight traits were new findings. Furthermore, a phenome-wide association study revealed that five of the dietary trait-associated loci have pleiotropic effects on multiple human complex diseases and clinical measurements. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of habitual consumption.

饮食习惯是我们生活方式中的重要因素，并赋予对各种人类疾病的易感性和保护性。我们对 13 种饮食习惯进行了全基因组关联研究，包括饮酒（从不饮酒和每周饮酒）、饮料（咖啡、绿茶和牛奶）和食物（酸奶、奶酪、纳豆、豆腐、鱼、小整体日本个体（ n = 58,610–165,084）中的鱼、蔬菜和肉）， 由日本全国医院基因组队列 BioBank Japan 收集。在 9 个基因位点（MCL1-ENSA、GCKR、AGR3-AHR、ADH1B、ALDH1B1、ALDH1A1、ALDH2, CYP1A2-CSK和ADORA2A-AS1 ) 用于 13 种饮食性状 ( P  <  3.8 × 10 ^-9 )。其中，五个基因座和八个特征之间的十个关联是新发现。此外，一项全表型关联研究表明，五个与饮食性状相关的基因座对多种人类复杂疾病和临床测量具有多效性。我们的研究结果为习惯性消费的遗传学提供了新的见解。