Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes mellitus, is considered one of the endothelial dysfunction risk factors, the main reason of vascular complication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in diabetic rats and the possibility to attenuate the elevation of these two parameters by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) to improve endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Forty male albino rats weighing 180–200 g were classified as control, diabetic, diabetic treated with DHA, and diabetic treated with DHA-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (DHA/ZnONPs) groups. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, ADMA, Hcy, and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Fatty acids (linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), DHA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), and oleic acid (OA)) were also evaluated by reversed phase HPLC using a UV detector. The results showed that fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, LA, AA, OA, ADMA, and Hcy increased significantly in diabetic rats compared with control while fasting insulin, DHA, ALA, and NO decreased significantly in diabetic rats. In both treated groups, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, LA, AA, OA, ADMA, and Hcy significantly decreased as compared with the diabetic group while fasting insulin, DHA, ALA, and NO were significantly increased. In conclusion, DHA and DHA/ZnONP supplementation protect against diabetic complications and improve endothelial dysfunction as well as hyperhomocysteinemia in diabetes. DHA/ZnONP-treated group appeared more efficient than DHA alone.

高血糖是糖尿病的标志，被认为是内皮功能障碍的危险因素之一，是血管并发症的主要原因。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估糖尿病大鼠中高半胱氨酸（Hcy）和不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）的水平，以及通过单独添加二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）或负载氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）来减轻这两个参数升高的可能性。以改善链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠的内皮功能障碍。将40只体重为180-200 g的雄性白化病大鼠分为对照组，糖尿病组，DHA治疗糖尿病组和DHA负载氧化锌纳米颗粒（DHA / ZnONPs）治疗组。估计空腹血糖，胰岛素，ADMA，Hcy和一氧化氮（NO）。脂肪酸（亚油酸（LA），花生四烯酸（AA），DHA，α-亚麻酸（ALA）和油酸（OA）也通过使用UV检测器的反相HPLC进行评价。结果显示，与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着增加，而糖尿病大鼠的空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。还使用UV检测器通过反相HPLC评估油酸（OA）和油酸（OA）。结果显示，与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着增加，而糖尿病大鼠的空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。还使用UV检测器通过反相HPLC评估油酸（OA）和油酸（OA）。结果显示，与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着增加，而糖尿病大鼠的空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。结果显示，与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着增加，而糖尿病大鼠的空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。结果显示，与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着增加，而糖尿病大鼠的空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。在糖尿病大鼠中，NO明显降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。在糖尿病大鼠中，NO明显降低。在两个治疗组中，与糖尿病组相比，空腹血糖，胰岛素抵抗，LA，AA，OA，ADMA和Hcy显着降低，而空腹胰岛素，DHA，ALA和NO显着增加。总之，DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。DHA和DHA / ZnONP补充剂可预防糖尿病并发症，并改善糖尿病患者的内皮功能障碍和高同型半胱氨酸血症。DHA / ZnONP治疗组似乎比单独的DHA更有效。