Herein we have reported the preparation of carbon materials for capacitors from phenolic resin in the presence of deep eutectic solvent (DES). Resole was used as carbon precursor and DES synthesized from ZnCl₂ and urea in a molar ration of 3:10 served as pore former and mixed with the resole for the preparation of organic gels, which were then converted to carbon aerogels via carbonization. The physicochemical properties as well as the electrochemical properties of the obtained carbon products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Nitrogen absorption/desorption test, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectra. The results show that the formation of DES, rather than the solid mixture of ZnCl₂ and urea, is more effective for the fast and low temperature preparation of phenolic resin-based carbon aerogels with higher specific surface area and enhanced electrochemical performance. After further activation, the carbon aerogel possesses a highest surface area of 1238.81 m² g⁻¹ and a highest specific capacitance of 179.6 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1 A g⁻¹.

本文中，我们报道了在深共熔溶剂（DES）存在下，由酚醛树脂制备电容器用碳材料的方法。甲阶酚醛用作碳前体，由摩尔比为3:10的ZnCl ₂和尿素合成的DES用作成孔剂，并与甲阶酚醛混合以制备有机凝胶，然后通过碳化转化为碳气凝胶。通过X射线衍射，X射线光电子能谱，氮吸收/解吸试验，循环伏安法，恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱研究了所得碳产物的理化性质和电化学性质。结果表明，形成的是DES，而不是ZnCl ₂的固体混合物尿素和尿素对于快速和低温制备具有更高比表面积和增强的电化学性能的酚醛基碳气凝胶更有效。在进一步活化之后，在1A g ^-1的电流密度下，碳气凝胶具有最高的表面积1238.81 m ²  g ^-1和最高的比电容179.6 F g ^-1。