Hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) remains to be the foremost choice in biomedical field right from repair/replacement for the damaged hard tissues to be acting as effective drug delivery agent for tissue healing. Though, HAP is similar in composition with the mineral component of bone, some issues such as lack of mechanical and antimicrobial properties, low degradation, lesser drug loading capability, lower stimuli responsiveness, and targeted deficiency have continuously posed major challenges. However, enactment of various physicochemical, biological, mechanical properties can be improved by articulating particles morphology, size, structure, porosity, synthesis technique, and ionic substitution into HAP structure. Unique structure of HAP permits various anionic and cationic substitutions. Among the available synthesis routes, hydrothermal and microwave-assisted techniques seem to be the most suitable techniques to synthesize HAP with close control over desirable properties. This review primarily focuses on highlighting the customization of desirable properties by controlling particles size, morphology, synthesis parameters, and substitution of mono/multi ions into HAP structure to obtain a product appropriate for bone-tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

羟基磷灰石（HAP，Ca ₁₀（PO ₄）₆（OH）₂从受损的硬组织的修复/置换到充当组织愈合的有效药物传递剂，这仍然是生物医学领域的首要选择。尽管HAP的成分与骨骼的矿物质成分相似，但一些问题（如缺乏机械和抗菌性能，降解率低，药物负载能力较低，刺激反应性较低和针对性缺乏）一直构成重大挑战。但是，通过阐明颗粒的形态，大小，结构，孔隙率，合成技术以及将离子取代成HAP结构，可以改善各种物理化学，生物学，机械性能的制定。HAP的独特结构允许各种阴离子和阳离子取代。在可用的合成路线中，水热和微波辅助技术似乎是最合适的合成HAP的技术，并且对所需的性能进行了严格控制。这篇综述主要侧重于通过控制颗粒大小，形态，合成参数以及将单/多离子替换为HAP结构以获得适合于骨组织工程和药物输送应用的产品，来突出所需属性的定制。