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Uptake of atenolol, carbamazepine and triclosan by crops irrigated with reclaimed water in a Mediterranean scenario.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110171 Eulalia María Beltrán 1 , María Victoria Pablos 1 , Carlos Fernández Torija 1 , Miguel Ángel Porcel 1 , Miguel González-Doncel 1
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110171 Eulalia María Beltrán 1 , María Victoria Pablos 1 , Carlos Fernández Torija 1 , Miguel Ángel Porcel 1 , Miguel González-Doncel 1
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Water scarcity is a natural condition in the Mediterranean rim countries. In this region, reuse of reclaimed water (RW) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is becoming a potential source for highly water-demanding activities such as agriculture. However, the removal capacity of contaminants in regular WWTPs has been found to be limited. Considering a Mediterranean scenario, this research investigated the plant uptake and translocation of three representative pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) typically present in RW samples from a WWTP located in an urban area in Spain, and assessed the potential risk to humans from plant consumption. The RW samples were collected and analyzed for three representative PPCPs (atenolol -ATN-, carbamazepine -CBZ- and triclosan -TCS-). The target contaminants were also spiked at two levels in the RW samples to consider two worst-case scenarios. Three plant models (lettuce, maize and radish) were grown outdoors and irrigated with four treatments: tap water; RW samples, and the two spiked RW samples. Generally speaking, results revealed an efficient root uptake for the three PPCPs regardless of plant species and fortification level, and suggested an interaction effect of treatment and plant organ. Different bioaccumulation and translocation potentials of the three PPCPs were seen into the aerial organs of the plants. Overall, these observations support the idea that factors including the physico-chemical properties of the PPCPs and physiological plant variables, could be responsible for the differential accumulation and translocation potentials observed. These variables could be critical for crops irrigated with RW in regions with extended dry seasons, high solar incidence and low annual rainfall such as those in the Mediterranean rim where plants are subjected to high transpiration rates. However, the results obtained from this experimental approach suggested a negligible risk to humans from consumption of edible plants irrigated with RW samples with presence of PPCPs, despite the fact that the three representative PPCPs under study accumulated efficiently in the plants.
中文翻译：
在地中海地区，用再生水灌溉的农作物对阿替洛尔，卡马西平和三氯生的吸收。
水资源短缺是地中海边缘国家的自然条件。在该地区，废水处理厂（WWTP）中的再生水（RW）的回用正成为农业等高耗水量活动的潜在来源。但是，发现常规污水处理厂中污染物的去除能力受到限制。考虑到地中海地区的情况，该研究调查了三种典型的药品和个人护理产品（PPCP）的植物吸收和转运情况，这些药品和个人护理产品通常来自西班牙市区污水处理厂的RW样品中，并评估了植物摄入对人类的潜在风险。收集RW样品并分析三种代表性PPCP（阿替洛尔-ATN-，卡马西平-CBZ-和三氯生-TCS-）。考虑到两种最坏的情况，在RW样品中目标污染物也加标到两个水平。在室外种植了三种植物模型（生菜，玉米和萝卜），并用四种处理方法灌溉：自来水；自来水；自来水。RW样本和两个加标的RW样本。一般而言，结果显示了三种PPCP的有效根吸收量，而与植物种类和设防水平无关，并暗示了处理与植物器官的相互作用。在植物的气生器官中可以看到三种PPCP的不同的生物积累和转运潜力。总体而言，这些观察结果支持这样一种观点，即包括PPCP的理化性质和生理植物变量在内的因素可能是所观察到的差异积累和转运潜力的原因。这些变量对于干旱季节延长，太阳辐射高和年降水量低的地区（例如在地中海沿岸植物遭受高蒸腾速率的地区）用RW灌溉的作物可能至关重要。然而，从该实验方法获得的结果表明，尽管存在研究中的三种代表性PPCP在植物中有效积累的事实，但是食用带有RWCP的RW样品灌溉的食用植物对人类的风险可忽略不计。
更新日期：2020-01-17
中文翻译：
在地中海地区，用再生水灌溉的农作物对阿替洛尔，卡马西平和三氯生的吸收。
水资源短缺是地中海边缘国家的自然条件。在该地区，废水处理厂（WWTP）中的再生水（RW）的回用正成为农业等高耗水量活动的潜在来源。但是，发现常规污水处理厂中污染物的去除能力受到限制。考虑到地中海地区的情况，该研究调查了三种典型的药品和个人护理产品（PPCP）的植物吸收和转运情况，这些药品和个人护理产品通常来自西班牙市区污水处理厂的RW样品中，并评估了植物摄入对人类的潜在风险。收集RW样品并分析三种代表性PPCP（阿替洛尔-ATN-，卡马西平-CBZ-和三氯生-TCS-）。考虑到两种最坏的情况，在RW样品中目标污染物也加标到两个水平。在室外种植了三种植物模型（生菜，玉米和萝卜），并用四种处理方法灌溉：自来水；自来水；自来水。RW样本和两个加标的RW样本。一般而言，结果显示了三种PPCP的有效根吸收量，而与植物种类和设防水平无关，并暗示了处理与植物器官的相互作用。在植物的气生器官中可以看到三种PPCP的不同的生物积累和转运潜力。总体而言，这些观察结果支持这样一种观点，即包括PPCP的理化性质和生理植物变量在内的因素可能是所观察到的差异积累和转运潜力的原因。这些变量对于干旱季节延长，太阳辐射高和年降水量低的地区（例如在地中海沿岸植物遭受高蒸腾速率的地区）用RW灌溉的作物可能至关重要。然而，从该实验方法获得的结果表明，尽管存在研究中的三种代表性PPCP在植物中有效积累的事实，但是食用带有RWCP的RW样品灌溉的食用植物对人类的风险可忽略不计。
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