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Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors Based on Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes: A Comparative Study of Potassium and Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Batteries & Supercaps ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1002/batt.201900226 Satoshi Uchida 1 , Titus Masese 1
Batteries & Supercaps ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1002/batt.201900226 Satoshi Uchida 1 , Titus Masese 1
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Immense attention has been drawn towards electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) as a viable intermittent energy storage solution, owing to their ultra‐fast charge/discharge rates and long cycle life. However, the high activation energy of ionic conductivity innate in conventional aprotic organic electrolytes has greatly impeded the feasibility of high‐performance EDLCs. Herein, we investigate and compare the physicochemical properties and performance of electrolytes based on potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) and commercial triethylmethy‐lammonium tetra‐fluoroborate (TEMABF4) salts in EDLCs. Compared to commercial TEMABF4‐based electrolytes, KPF6 salt‐based electrolytes (in acetonitrile solvent) demonstrate outstanding rate performance. The KPF6 salt‐based electrolyte further manifests lower ionic resistance within activated carbon pores as well as lower interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte; an affirmation of not the high ionic conductivity but rather the eminence of low activation energy. The low activation energy can be attributed to the low effective nuclear charge of the K+ cations that allow anions to transverse easily in solvent state. This study not only underpins potassium‐ion (K+) as a fast charge carrier, but also a viable solution for the next‐generation non‐aqueous power devices relying on monovalent alkali cations.
中文翻译：
基于非水电解质的双层电容器：钾盐和季铵盐的比较研究
由于双电荷层电容器（EDLC）超快的充电/放电速率和长循环寿命，它们已成为一种可行的间歇性能量存储解决方案，引起了极大的关注。但是，常规非质子有机电解质中固有的离子电导率高活化能极大地阻碍了高性能EDLC的可行性。在这里，我们研究和比较了在EDLC中基于六氟磷酸钾（KPF 6）和市售三乙基甲基铵四氟硼酸盐（TEMABF 4）的电解质的理化性质和性能。与商用TEMABF 4基电解液相比，KPF 6盐基电解质（在乙腈溶剂中）显示出出色的速率性能。KPF 6盐基电解质进一步表明，活性炭孔内的离子电阻较低，并且电极与电解质之间的界面电阻较低；证实不是高离子电导率，而是低活化能的突出。低活化能可归因于K +阳离子的低有效核电荷，这使阴离子在溶剂状态下易于横穿。这项研究不仅巩固了钾离子（K +）作为快速电荷载体的地位，而且为依赖单价碱性阳离子的下一代非水动力设备提供了可行的解决方案。
更新日期：2020-02-03
中文翻译：
基于非水电解质的双层电容器：钾盐和季铵盐的比较研究
由于双电荷层电容器（EDLC）超快的充电/放电速率和长循环寿命，它们已成为一种可行的间歇性能量存储解决方案，引起了极大的关注。但是，常规非质子有机电解质中固有的离子电导率高活化能极大地阻碍了高性能EDLC的可行性。在这里，我们研究和比较了在EDLC中基于六氟磷酸钾（KPF 6）和市售三乙基甲基铵四氟硼酸盐（TEMABF 4）的电解质的理化性质和性能。与商用TEMABF 4基电解液相比，KPF 6盐基电解质（在乙腈溶剂中）显示出出色的速率性能。KPF 6盐基电解质进一步表明，活性炭孔内的离子电阻较低，并且电极与电解质之间的界面电阻较低；证实不是高离子电导率，而是低活化能的突出。低活化能可归因于K +阳离子的低有效核电荷，这使阴离子在溶剂状态下易于横穿。这项研究不仅巩固了钾离子（K +）作为快速电荷载体的地位，而且为依赖单价碱性阳离子的下一代非水动力设备提供了可行的解决方案。
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