Proinflammatory diets are associated with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), however, inconsistencies exist in subsite‐ and sex‐specific associations. The relationship between CRC and combined lifestyle‐related factors that contribute toward a low‐grade inflammatory profile has not yet been explored. We examined the association between the dietary inflammatory potential and an inflammatory profile and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. This cohort included 476,160 participants followed‐up of 14 years and 5,991 incident CRC cases (3,897 colon and 2,094 rectal tumors). Dietary inflammatory potential was estimated using an Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD). An Inflammatory Profile Score (IPS) was constructed, incorporating the ISD, physical activity level and abdominal obesity. The associations between the ISD and CRC and IPS and CRC were assessed using multivariable regression models. More proinflammatory diets were related to a higher CRC risk, particularly for colon cancer; hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest ISD quartile was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.27) for CRC, 1.24 (95% CI 1.09–1.41) for colon cancer and 0.99 (95% CI 0.83–1.17) for rectal cancer. Associations were more pronounced in men and not significant in women. The IPS was associated with CRC risk, particularly colon cancer among men; HRs for the highest versus lowest IPS was 1.62 (95% CI 1.31–2.01) for colon cancer overall and 2.11 (95% CI 1.50–2.97) for colon cancer in men. Our study shows that more proinflammatory diets and a more inflammatory profile are associated with higher risk of CRC, principally colon cancer and in men.

中文翻译：

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欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查研究中饮食的潜在炎症性和结直肠癌的风险。


促炎饮食与患结直肠癌（CRC）的风险相关，然而，亚部位和性别特异性关联存在不一致。结直肠癌与导致低度炎症的综合生活方式相关因素之间的关系尚未被探索。我们在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查 (EPIC) 研究中研究了膳食炎症潜力与炎症特征和 CRC 风险之间的关联。该队列包括 476,160 名参与者，随访了 14 年，涉及 5,991 例 CRC 病例（3,897 例结肠肿瘤和 2,094 例直肠肿瘤）。使用饮食炎症评分（ISD）评估饮食炎症潜力。构建了炎症概况评分 (IPS)，其中纳入了 ISD、体力活动水平和腹部肥胖。使用多变量回归模型评估 ISD 和 CRC 以及 IPS 和 CRC 之间的关联。促炎性饮食越多，结直肠癌风险越高，尤其是结肠癌；最高与最低 ISD 四分位的风险比 (HR) 对于 CRC 为 1.15（95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.04-1.27），对于结肠癌为 1.24（95% CI 1.09-1.41），对于 0.99（95% CI 0.83-1.17）用于直肠癌。相关性在男性中更为明显，而在女性中则不显着。 IPS 与结直肠癌风险相关，尤其是男性结肠癌；整体结肠癌的最高 IPS与最低 IPS 的 HR 分别为 1.62 (95% CI 1.31–2.01)，男性结肠癌的 HR 为 2.11 (95% CI 1.50–2.97)。我们的研究表明，更多的促炎性饮食和更多的炎症特征与结直肠癌（尤其是结肠癌）和男性的更高风险相关。