The magnetization behavior and thus the form of the magnetization curve of electrical steel strongly depend on the direction of the magnetic field, frequency of excitation, external mechanical stress, and cut edge effect. These factors influence the performance of electrical machines and need to be considered in advanced machine design processes or numerical modeling. Most of the aforementioned effects occur locally in the machine and, therefore, need to be described locally. It is crucial to characterize the material under realistic conditions for adequate identification and quantification of the influences. In this article, modeling and simulation of soft magnetic material are performed based on a detailed magnetic characterization, considering magnetization amplitude, angle with respect to the rolling direction of magnetization, mechanical stress, and cut edge effect. The dependent soft magnetic material characteristics are derived from the magnetic measurement data and concluded into interpolation surfaces. Subsequently, these surfaces are used to simulate a synchronous machine designed for a traction drive of an electric vehicle by finite-element simulation. One of the main challenges is the correct determination of the local material properties, depending on the operating point, which influences global quantities such as losses and torque. This article provides a methodology to consider different local influences on the magnetization behavior of electrical steel in a finite-element simulation, thus offering the potential for improving electromagnetic circuit design.

中文翻译：

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用于电机有限元仿真的软磁材料磁化强度的标量依赖性建模


电工钢的磁化行为以及磁化曲线的形式很大程度上取决于磁场方向、励磁频率、外部机械应力和切割边缘效应。这些因素会影响电机的性能，需要在先进的机器设计过程或数值建模中予以考虑。大多数上述效果发生在机器本地，因此需要在本地进行描述。在现实条件下表征材料对于充分识别和量化影响至关重要。在本文中，基于详细的磁特性，考虑磁化幅度、相对于磁化滚动方向的角度、机械应力和切割边缘效应，对软磁材料进行建模和仿真。相关的软磁材料特性是从磁性测量数据中导出的，并归纳为插值表面。随后，这些表面用于通过有限元仿真来模拟为电动汽车牵引驱动而设计的同步电机。主要挑战之一是根据工作点正确确定局部材料特性，这会影响损耗和扭矩等全局量。本文提供了一种在有限元模拟中考虑电工钢磁化行为的不同局部影响的方法，从而为改进电磁电路设计提供了潜力。