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Nanoparticle Beacons: Supersensitive Smart Materials with On/Off-Switchable Affinity to Biomedical Targets.
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07569
Vladimir R Cherkasov 1, 2 , Elizaveta N Mochalova 1, 2 , Andrey V Babenyshev 1, 2 , Alexandra V Vasilyeva 1 , Petr I Nikitin 2 , Maxim P Nikitin 1
Affiliation  

Smart materials that can switch between different states under the influence of chemical triggers are highly demanded in biomedicine, where specific responsiveness to biomarkers is imperative for precise diagnostics and therapy. Superior selectivity of drug delivery to malignant cells may be achieved with the nanoagents that stay "inert" until "activation" by the characteristic profile of microenvironment cues (e.g., tumor metabolites, angiogenesis factors, microRNA/DNA, etc.). However, despite a wide variety and functional complexity of smart material designs, their real-life applications are hindered by very limited sensitivity to inputs. Here, we present ultrasensitive smart nanoagents with input-dependent On/Off switchable affinity to a biomedical target based on a combination of gold nanoparticles with low-energy polymer structures. In the proposed method, a nanoparticle-based agent is surface coated with a custom designed flexible polymer chain, which has an input-switchable structure that regulates accessibility of the terminal receptor for target binding. Implementation of the concept with a DNA-model of such polymer has yielded nanoagents that have input-dependent cell-targeting capabilities and responsiveness to as little as 30 fM of DNA input in 15 min lateral flow assay. Thus, we show that surface phenomena can augment nanoagents with capability for switchable affinity without compromising the sensitivity to inputs. The proposed approach is promising for development of next-generation theranostic agents and ultrasensitive nanosensors for point-of-care diagnostics.

中文翻译:

纳米信标:对生物医学目标具有开/关可切换亲和力的超灵敏智能材料。

在生物医学中,人们迫切需要能够在化学触发因素的影响下在不同状态之间切换的智能材料,在这种情况下,对生物标志物的特异性反应对于精确的诊断和治疗至关重要。可以通过微环境线索(例如,肿瘤代谢物,血管生成因子,microRNA / DNA等)的特征曲线保持“惰性”直至“激活”的纳米剂,实现药物向恶性细胞的卓越选择性。然而,尽管智能材料设计种类繁多且功能复杂,但它们对现实生活的应用却受到对输入的非常有限的敏感性的阻碍。这里,我们介绍了基于金纳米粒子与低能聚合物结构的组合,对生物医学目标具有依赖于输入/输出的可切换亲和力的超灵敏智能纳米剂。在提出的方法中,基于纳米颗粒的试剂表面涂有定制设计的柔性聚合物链,该聚合物链具有可调节靶受体与靶标结合的可及性的输入可切换结构。用这种聚合物的DNA模型实现该概念后,产生了纳米剂,这些纳米剂具有依赖于输入的细胞靶向能力,并且在15分钟的侧向流动分析中仅对30 fM的DNA输入具有响应性。因此,我们表明表面现象可以增强纳米剂具有可切换亲和力的能力,而不会损害对输入的敏感性。
更新日期:2020-01-17
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