Emotions involve response synchronization across experiential, physiological, and behavioral systems, referred to as concordance or coherence. Women are thought to be more emotionally aware and expressive than men and may therefore display stronger response concordance; however, research on this topic is scant. Using a random-order film-average design, we assessed concordance among experiential (arousal, valence), autonomic (electrodermal activity, heart rate, preejection-period, respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia), respiratory (respiratory-rate), and behavioral (corrugator and zygomatic electromyography) responses to 15 two-minute films varying in valence and arousal. We then calculated for each participant and pair of measures a within-subject correlation index using averages from the 15 films. Pronounced individual concordance of up to 0.9 was observed. Arousal-physiology and valence-behavior concordances were particularly pronounced. Women displayed higher concordance than men for almost all measures. Findings indicate stronger psychophysiological response coupling in women than men and provide novel insights into affective differences between the sexes.

中文翻译：

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情感一致性的性别差异

情绪涉及跨经验、生理和行为系统的反应同步，称为一致性或连贯性。女性被认为比男性更具有情感意识和表达能力，因此可能表现出更强的反应一致性；然而，关于这个主题的研究很少。使用随机顺序的电影平均设计，我们评估了体验（觉醒、效价）、自主神经（皮电活动、心率、射血期、呼吸-窦性心律失常）、呼吸（呼吸频率）和行为（皱眉肌和颧骨肌电图）对 15 部 2 分钟电影的反应，这些电影的效价和兴奋程度不同。然后，我们使用 15 部电影的平均值计算每个参与者和一对测量对象内的相关指数。发音的个体一致性最高为 0。观察到 9 个。唤醒生理学和效价行为一致性特别明显。女性在几乎所有指标上都表现出比男性更高的一致性。研究结果表明，女性的心理生理反应耦合比男性更强，并为两性之间的情感差异提供了新的见解。