Abstract A dietary exposure and health risk assessment of mycotoxins including aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone was conducted in 3 provinces in Northern Vietnam namely Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, and Ha Giang. Results of the analysis of samples of maize, rice, peanut, and sesame revealed the presence of these mycotoxins in all samples and sampling locations. Aflatoxin B1 was the most frequently detected (19.1%) and widely distributed among different types of samples, whereas the percentage occurrence of fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone were 11.2, 5.9 and 6.3, respectively. The later three mycotoxins were detected mostly in maize. The exposure to aflatoxin B1 at detected levels could lead to 0.23, 0.65 and 21.0 cases of liver cancer per 100,000 adult people per year in Hanoi, Thanh Hoa and Ha Giang, respectively. The risk assessment also showed the unsafe exposure to ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 in the highland region where the people consume a large amount of foods derived from maize. In Ha Giang, the mean exposures to fumonisin B1 were lower than its PMTDI (Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake), however, the 95th percentile values were 1.1–1.9 times of the PMTDI. The mean exposures to ochratoxin A in Ha Giang were about 2.4–3.6 times higher than its PMTWI (Provisional Maximum Tolerable Weekly Intake). There was no risk of fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A in Hanoi and Thanh Hoa. The dietary exposure to zearalenone was within its PMTDI in all locations. The results pointed out the need for further improvement of the control of these mycotoxins in Vietnam, especially in some highland provinces.

中文翻译：

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越南北部不同省份食物中黄曲霉毒素B1、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马菌素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮的膳食暴露和健康风险特征

摘要 对包括黄曲霉毒素 B1、伏马菌素 B1、赭曲霉毒素 A 和玉米赤霉烯酮在内的真菌毒素在越南北部 3 个省（河内、清化和河江）进行了膳食暴露和健康风险评估。对玉米、大米、花生和芝麻样品的分析结果表明，所有样品和采样地点都存在这些霉菌毒素。黄曲霉毒素 B1 检出率最高（19.1%），在不同类型样品中分布广泛，而伏马菌素 B1、赭曲霉毒素 A 和玉米赤霉烯酮的出现百分比分别为 11.2、5.9 和 6.3。后三种霉菌毒素主要在玉米中检测到。在河内、清化和河江，接触检测到的黄曲霉毒素 B1 可能导致每年每 100,000 名成年人中分别发生 0.23、0.65 和 21.0 例肝癌。风险评估还显示，在人们食用大量玉米衍生食品的高地地区，赭曲霉毒素 A 和伏马菌素 B1 存在不安全暴露。在河江，伏马菌素 B1 的平均暴露量低于其 PMTDI（临时最大可耐受每日摄入量），但是，第 95 个百分位值是 PMTDI 的 1.1-1.9 倍。河江地区赭曲霉毒素 A 的平均暴露量是其 PMTWI（临时最大可耐受每周摄入量）的 2.4-3.6 倍。河内和清化没有伏马菌素 B1 和赭曲霉毒素 A 的风险。玉米赤霉烯酮的膳食暴露在所有地点的 PMTDI 范围内。结果指出越南需要进一步加强对这些霉菌毒素的控制，特别是在一些高原省份。