This study exploits temporal and cross-sectional variation in weather and long-run climate trends to investigate their effects on farm-level productivity. Using panel data for a sample of Wisconsin dairy producers, three stochastic production frontier models are estimated and a random parameters approach is chosen as the most desirable, which accounts for stochastic observed and unobserved environmental factors. The estimated coefficients are used to decompose a multiplicative total factor productivity index that accounts for different sources of productivity growth. Annual productivity growth is estimated at 2.16 per cent, driven primarily by technical progress (1.91 per cent per annum). The average per year contribution of the other productivity components is: climate adaptation efforts −0.31 per cent; scale-mix efficiency change +0.13 per cent and technical efficiency +0.05 per cent.

中文翻译：

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气候影响和全要素生产率：威斯康星州奶牛场的计量经济学证据

这项研究利用了天气和长期气候趋势的时间和横截面变化，以研究它们对农场水平生产力的影响。使用威斯康星州乳制品生产商的样本数据，估计了三个随机生产前沿模型，并选择了最理想的随机参数方法，该方法考虑了随机观察到的和未观察到的环境因素。估计的系数用于分解可乘的全要素生产率指数，该指数解释了生产率增长的不同来源。生产率的年增长率估计为2.16％，这主要得益于技术进步（每年1.91％）。其他生产力组成部分的平均每年贡献为：气候适应努力−0.31％；比例混合效率变化+0。