During protein synthesis, translating ribosomes encounter many challenges imposed by various types of defective mRNAs that can lead to reduced cellular fitness and, in some cases, even threaten cell viability. Aberrant translation leads to activation of one of several quality control pathways depending on the nature of the problem. These pathways promote the degradation of the problematic mRNA as well as the incomplete translation product, the nascent polypeptide chain. Many of these quality control systems feature critical roles for specialized regulatory factors that work in concert with conventional factors. This review focuses on the mechanisms used by these quality control pathways to recognize aberrant ribosome stalling and discusses the conservation of these systems.

中文翻译：

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翻译异常引起的质量控制。


在蛋白质合成过程中，翻译核糖体会遇到各种类型缺陷 mRNA 带来的许多挑战，这些挑战可能导致细胞适应性降低，在某些情况下甚至威胁细胞活力。根据问题的性质，异常翻译会导致几种质量控制途径之一的激活。这些途径促进有问题的 mRNA 以及不完整的翻译产物（新生多肽链）的降解。许多质量控制系统都对与传统因素协同作用的专门监管因素发挥着关键作用。本综述重点关注这些质量控制途径用于识别异常核糖体停滞的机制，并讨论了这些系统的保护。