A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies that reported risk factors for persistent pain after childbirth. Many studies have sought to identify risk factors for post-delivery pain in different populations, using different methodologies and different outcome variables. Studies of several different but interrelated post-partum pain syndromes have been conducted. Factors strongly and specifically associated with persistent incisional scar pain after Caesarean delivery include a coexisting persistent pain problem in another part of the body and severe acute postoperative pain. For persistent vaginal and perineal pain, operative vaginal delivery and the magnitude of perineal trauma have been consistently linked. History of pregnancy-related and pre-pregnancy back pain and heavier body weight are robust risk factors for persistent back pain after pregnancy. Unfortunately, limitations, particularly small samples and lack of a priori sample size calculation designed to detect specific effect sizes for risk of persistent pain outcomes, preclude definitive conclusions about many other predictors and the strength of outcome associations. In future studies, assessments of specific phenotypes using a rigorous analysis with appropriate predetermined sample sizes and validated instruments are needed to allow elucidation of stronger and reliable associations. Interventional studies targeting the most robustly associated, modifiable risk factors, such as acute post-partum pain, may lead to solutions for the prevention and treatment of these common problems that impact a large population.

中文翻译：

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分娩后持续疼痛相关的因素：叙事回顾。

进行了系统的文献检索，以鉴定报告了分娩后持续性疼痛的危险因素的研究。许多研究试图使用不同的方法和不同的结果变量来确定不同人群中产后疼痛的危险因素。已经对几种不同但相互关联的产后疼痛综合征进行了研究。与剖腹产后持续的切开性疤痕疼痛强烈且特别相关的因素包括身体另一部位并存的持续性疼痛问题和严重的急性术后疼痛。对于持续的阴道和会阴疼痛，手术阴道分娩和会阴创伤的程度一直存在联系。妊娠相关和怀孕前背痛的历史以及体重增加是怀孕后持续性背痛的强大危险因素。不幸的是，局限性（特别是小样本）以及缺乏用于检测持续疼痛结局风险的特定效应量的先验样本量计算，无法得出关于许多其他预测因素和结果关联强度的明确结论。在未来的研究中，需要使用严格的分析，适当的预定样本量和经过验证的仪器对特定表型进行评估，以阐明更强和更可靠的关联。针对最密切相关，可修改的危险因素（例如急性产后疼痛，