A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies that reported risk factors for persistent pain after childbirth. Many studies have sought to identify risk factors for post-delivery pain in different populations, using different methodologies and different outcome variables. Studies of several different but interrelated post-partum pain syndromes have been conducted. Factors strongly and specifically associated with persistent incisional scar pain after Caesarean delivery include a coexisting persistent pain problem in another part of the body and severe acute postoperative pain. For persistent vaginal and perineal pain, operative vaginal delivery and the magnitude of perineal trauma have been consistently linked. History of pregnancy-related and pre-pregnancy back pain and heavier body weight are robust risk factors for persistent back pain after pregnancy. Unfortunately, limitations, particularly small samples and lack of a priori sample size calculation designed to detect specific effect sizes for risk of persistent pain outcomes, preclude definitive conclusions about many other predictors and the strength of outcome associations. In future studies, assessments of specific phenotypes using a rigorous analysis with appropriate predetermined sample sizes and validated instruments are needed to allow elucidation of stronger and reliable associations. Interventional studies targeting the most robustly associated, modifiable risk factors, such as acute post-partum pain, may lead to solutions for the prevention and treatment of these common problems that impact a large population.

中文翻译：

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与产后持续疼痛相关的因素：叙述性回顾。


我们进行了系统的文献检索，以确定报告产后持续疼痛危险因素的研究。许多研究试图使用不同的方法和不同的结果变量来确定不同人群中产后疼痛的危险因素。已经对几种不同但相互关联的产后疼痛综合征进行了研究。与剖腹产后持续性切口疤痕疼痛密切相关的因素包括身体其他部位同时存在的持续性疼痛问题和严重的术后急性疼痛。对于持续性阴道和会阴疼痛，阴道助产手术和会阴创伤的严重程度始终存在联系。与怀孕相关的和孕前的背痛史以及较重的体重是怀孕后持续背痛的重要危险因素。不幸的是，由于局限性，尤其是小样本和缺乏旨在检测持续性疼痛结果风险的特定效应大小的先验样本量计算，排除了关于许多其他预测因素和结果关联强度的明确结论。在未来的研究中，需要使用适当的预定样本量和经过验证的仪器进行严格分析来评估特定表型，以阐明更强大和可靠的关联。针对最密切相关、可改变的风险因素（例如急性产后疼痛）的干预性研究可能会找到预防和治疗影响大量人口的常见问题的解决方案。