Abstract

Mushrooms contain many types of nutrients; they are widely regarded as healthy food product. The development of the global mushroom industry has resulted the production of by-products such as stipes, discarded space bags, and broken fruiting bodies. Mushroom by-products account for approximately 20% of mushroom weight and have a high recycling value. Mushroom by-products are most commonly used as compost and animal feed. They contain large amounts of polysaccharides, triterpenes, ergosterol, glycoproteins, dietary fiber, and other components from which functional components could be extracted. Among those components, polysaccharides have been widely studied. This review paper evaluated current research findings, which revealed that new extraction techniques such as microwave, ultrasound, pulsed electrical fields, and high pressure could be used to increase the efficiency of polysaccharide recovery from mushroom by-products. We also separately discussed the functionality of various types of polysaccharides extracted from different mushroom by-products with regard to immune regulation, alleviation of cardiovascular disease, protection of intestinal health, as well as anticancer, antibacterial, and other health promoting effects. This review highlights that mushroom waste contains many types of functional polysaccharide components that have potential applications in foodstuffs and medicine. The use of new extraction techniques can improve the utilization of whole mushrooms. Effective recovery of polysaccharide components from mushroom by-products can increase the overall value of mushroom cultivation and decrease the production of agricultural waste.

中文翻译：

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从蘑菇加工副产物中提取的功能性多糖的潜在用途综述

摘要

蘑菇中含有多种营养物质。它们被广泛认为是健康食品。全球蘑菇产业的发展导致产生了副产品，例如柄，废弃的太空袋和子实体破碎。蘑菇副产品约占蘑菇重量的20％，回收价值高。蘑菇副产品最常用作堆肥和动物饲料。它们包含大量的多糖，三萜，麦角固醇，糖蛋白，膳食纤维和其他可从中提取功能成分的成分。在这些成分中，多糖已被广泛研究。这篇评论文章评估了当前的研究发现，这些发现揭示了诸如微波，超声，脉冲电场，高压可用于提高蘑菇副产物中多糖的回收率。我们还分别讨论了从不同蘑菇副产物中提取的各种多糖的功能，涉及免疫调节，减轻心血管疾病，保护肠道健康以及抗癌，抗菌和其他促进健康的作用。这篇评论强调蘑菇废料中含有许多类型的功能性多糖成分，这些成分在食品和药品中具有潜在的应用。使用新的提取技术可以提高整个蘑菇的利用率。从蘑菇副产品中有效回收多糖成分可以提高蘑菇种植的总体价值，并减少农业废弃物的产生。