Infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is necessary for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which most often develops in HIV-infected individuals. KS frequently has oral manifestations and KSHV DNA can be detected in oral cells. Numerous types of cancer are associated with the alteration of microbiome including bacteria and virus. We hypothesize that oral bacterial microbiota affects or is affected by oral KS and the presence of oral cell-associated KSHV DNA. In this study, oral and blood specimens were collected from a cohort of HIV/KSHV-coinfected individuals all previously diagnosed with KS, and were classified as having oral KS with any oral cell-associated KSHV DNA status (O-KS, n = 9), no oral KS but with oral cell-associated KSHV DNA (O-KSHV, n = 10), or with neither oral KS nor oral cell-associated KSHV DNA (No KSHV, n = 10). We sequenced the hypervariable V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene present in oral cell-associated DNA by next generation sequencing. The diversity, richness, relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and taxonomic composition of oral microbiota were analyzed and compared across the 3 studied groups. We found impoverishment of oral microbial diversity and enrichment of specific microbiota in O-KS individuals compared to O-KSHV or No KSHV individuals. These results suggest that HIV/KSHV coinfection and oral microbiota might impact one another and influence the development of oral KS.

中文翻译：

---

具有口腔卡波西肉瘤和与细胞相关的KSHV DNA的HIV感染者的口腔微生物组特征。

卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）的感染对于卡波西氏肉瘤（KS）的发展是必要的，而卡波西氏肉瘤（KS）最常在感染HIV的个体中发展。KS经常具有口腔表现，并且可以在口腔细胞中检测到KSHV DNA。多种类型的癌症与微生物组的改变有关，包括细菌和病毒。我们假设口腔细菌群会影响口腔KS或口腔细胞相关KSHV DNA的存在或受其影响。在这项研究中，从所有先前被确诊为KS的HIV / KSHV感染人群中收集了口腔和血液标本，并被归类为具有任何与口腔细胞相关的KSHV DNA状态的口腔KS（O-KS，n = 9 ），没有口服KS，但有口服细胞相关的KSHV DNA（O-KSHV，n = 10），或既没有口服KS也没有口服与细胞相关的KSHV DNA（无KSHV，n = 10）。我们通过下一代测序对口腔细胞相关DNA中存在的16S rRNA基因的高变V1-V2区进行了测序。在三个研究组中分析并比较了口腔微生物群的操作分类单位（OTU）的多样性，丰富性，相对丰度和分类组成。我们发现与O-KSHV或No KSHV个体相比，O-KS个体的口腔微生物多样性贫乏并且特定微生物群富集。这些结果表明，HIV / KSHV合并感染和口腔微生物可能相互影响并影响口腔KS的发展。在三个研究组中分析并比较了操作生物分类单位（OTU）的相对丰度和口腔微生物群的生物分类组成。我们发现与O-KSHV或No KSHV个体相比，O-KS个体的口腔微生物多样性贫乏且特定微生物群富集。这些结果表明，HIV / KSHV合并感染和口腔微生物可能相互影响并影响口腔KS的发展。在三个研究组中分析并比较了操作生物分类单位（OTU）的相对丰度和口腔微生物群的生物分类组成。我们发现与O-KSHV或No KSHV个体相比，O-KS个体的口腔微生物多样性贫乏并且特定微生物群富集。这些结果表明，HIV / KSHV合并感染和口腔微生物可能相互影响并影响口腔KS的发展。