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Development and use of a scale to assess gender differences in appraisal of mistreatment during childbirth among Ethiopian midwifery students.
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227958 Rena Bakker 1 , Ephrem D Sheferaw 1, 2 , Jelle Stekelenburg 1, 3 , Tegbar Yigzaw 2 , Marlou L A de Kroon 4
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227958 Rena Bakker 1 , Ephrem D Sheferaw 1, 2 , Jelle Stekelenburg 1, 3 , Tegbar Yigzaw 2 , Marlou L A de Kroon 4
Affiliation
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Mistreatment during childbirth occurs across the globe and endangers the well-being of pregnant women and their newborns. A gender-sensitive approach to mistreatment during childbirth seems relevant in Ethiopia, given previous research among Ethiopian midwives and patients suggesting that male midwives provide more respectful maternity care, which is possibly mediated by self-esteem and stress. This study aimed a) to develop a tool that assesses mistreatment appraisal from a provider's perspective and b) to assess gender differences in mistreatment appraisal among Ethiopian final-year midwifery students and to analyze possible mediating roles of self-esteem and stress. First, we developed a research tool (i.e. a quantitative scale) to assess mistreatment appraisal from a provider's perspective, on the basis of scientific literature and the review of seven experts regarding its relevance and comprehensiveness. Second, we utilized this scale, the so-called Mistreatment Appraisal Scale, among 390 Ethiopian final-year midwifery students to assess their mistreatment appraisal, self-esteem (using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), stress (using the Perceived Stress Scale) and various background characteristics. The scale's internal consistency was acceptable (α = .75), corrected item-total correlations were acceptable (.24 - .56) and inter-item correlations were mostly acceptable (.07 - .63). Univariable (B = 3.084, 95% CI [-.005, 6.173]) and multivariable (B = 1.867, 95% CI [-1.472, 5.205]) regression analyses did not show significant gender differences regarding mistreatment appraisal. Mediation analyses showed that self-esteem (a1b1 = -.030, p = .677) and stress (a2b2 = -.443, p = .186) did not mediate the effect of gender on mistreatment appraisal. The scale to assess mistreatment appraisal appears to be feasible and reliable. No significant association between gender and mistreatment appraisal was observed and self-esteem and stress were not found to be mediators. Future research is needed to evaluate the scale's criterion validity and to assess determinants and consequences of mistreatment during childbirth from various perspectives.
中文翻译：
制定和使用量表来评估埃塞俄比亚助产士学生分娩期间虐待情况的性别差异。
分娩期间的虐待现象在全球各地都有发生，危及孕妇及其新生儿的福祉。鉴于先前对埃塞俄比亚助产士和患者的研究表明，男性助产士提供更尊重的产妇护理，这可能是通过自尊和压力来调节的，因此对分娩过程中的虐待采取对性别敏感的方法似乎是相关的。本研究的目的是：a) 开发一种从提供者的角度评估虐待评估的工具；b) 评估埃塞俄比亚助产士最后一年的虐待评估中的性别差异，并分析自尊和压力可能的中介作用。首先，我们开发了一种研究工具（即定量量表），以科学文献和七位专家对其相关性和全面性的审查为基础，从提供者的角度评估虐待评估。其次，我们利用这个量表，即所谓的虐待评估量表，在 390 名埃塞俄比亚助产士最后一年的学生中评估他们的虐待评价、自尊（使用罗森伯格自尊量表）、压力（使用感知压力量表）以及各种背景特征。该量表的内部一致性是可以接受的（α = .75），校正后的项目总相关性是可以接受的（.24 - .56），项目间相关性大部分是可以接受的（.07 - .63）。单变量（B = 3.084，95% CI [-.005, 6.173]）和多变量（B = 1.867，95% CI [-1.472, 5.205]）回归分析并未显示虐待评估方面存在显着的性别差异。中介分析表明，自尊 (a1b1 = -.030，p = .677) 和压力 (a2b2 = -.443，p = .186) 并不中介性别对虐待评估的影响。 评估虐待行为的量表似乎是可行且可靠的。没有观察到性别和虐待评估之间存在显着关联，并且自尊和压力也没有被发现是中介因素。未来的研究需要评估该量表的标准有效性，并从不同角度评估分娩期间虐待的决定因素和后果。
更新日期：2020-01-17
中文翻译：
制定和使用量表来评估埃塞俄比亚助产士学生分娩期间虐待情况的性别差异。
分娩期间的虐待现象在全球各地都有发生，危及孕妇及其新生儿的福祉。鉴于先前对埃塞俄比亚助产士和患者的研究表明，男性助产士提供更尊重的产妇护理，这可能是通过自尊和压力来调节的，因此对分娩过程中的虐待采取对性别敏感的方法似乎是相关的。本研究的目的是：a) 开发一种从提供者的角度评估虐待评估的工具；b) 评估埃塞俄比亚助产士最后一年的虐待评估中的性别差异，并分析自尊和压力可能的中介作用。首先，我们开发了一种研究工具（即定量量表），以科学文献和七位专家对其相关性和全面性的审查为基础，从提供者的角度评估虐待评估。其次，我们利用这个量表，即所谓的虐待评估量表，在 390 名埃塞俄比亚助产士最后一年的学生中评估他们的虐待评价、自尊（使用罗森伯格自尊量表）、压力（使用感知压力量表）以及各种背景特征。该量表的内部一致性是可以接受的（α = .75），校正后的项目总相关性是可以接受的（.24 - .56），项目间相关性大部分是可以接受的（.07 - .63）。单变量（B = 3.084，95% CI [-.005, 6.173]）和多变量（B = 1.867，95% CI [-1.472, 5.205]）回归分析并未显示虐待评估方面存在显着的性别差异。中介分析表明，自尊 (a1b1 = -.030，p = .677) 和压力 (a2b2 = -.443，p = .186) 并不中介性别对虐待评估的影响。 评估虐待行为的量表似乎是可行且可靠的。没有观察到性别和虐待评估之间存在显着关联，并且自尊和压力也没有被发现是中介因素。未来的研究需要评估该量表的标准有效性，并从不同角度评估分娩期间虐待的决定因素和后果。
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