The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is known to reliably induce physiological stress responses in adult samples. Less is known about its effectiveness to elicit these responses in youth samples. We performed a meta-analysis of stress responses to the TSST in youth participants. Fifty-seven studies were included representing 5026 youth participants. Results indicated that the TSST was effective at eliciting stress responses for salivary cortisol (sCort; effect size [ES] = 0.47, p = 0.006), heart rate (HR; ES = 0.89, p < 0.001), pre-ejection period (PEP; ES = -0.37, p < 0.001), heart rate variability (HRV; ES = -0.33, p = 0.028), and systolic blood pressure (ES = 1.17, p < 0.001), as well as negative affect (ES = 0.57, p = 0.004) and subjective anxiety (ES = 0.80, p = 0.004) in youth samples. Cardiac output (ES = 0.15, p = 0.164), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (ES = -0.10, p = 0.064), and diastolic blood pressure (ES = 2.36, p = 0.072) did not reach statistical significance. Overall, effect sizes for the TSST varied based on the physiological marker used. In addition, several physiological markers demonstrated variance in reactivity by youth age (sCort, HR, HRV, and PEP), gender (sCort), type of sample (i.e., clinical versus community sample; sCort and HR), duration of TSST (sCort, HR, HRV, negative affect, and subjective anxiety), number of judges present in TSST (HR and subjective anxiety), gender of judges (sCort), and time of day the marker was assessed (morning versus afternoon/evening; sCort). Overall, the findings provide support for the validity of the TSST as a psychosocial stressor for inducing physiological and psychological stress responses in children and adolescents, but also highlight that some markers may capture the stress response more effectively than others.

中文翻译：

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特里尔社会压力测试在引发儿童和青少年生理压力反应方面的有效性的荟萃分析

众所周知，特里尔社会压力测试 (TSST) 可以可靠地诱导成人样本中的生理压力反应。人们对其在青年样本中引起这些反应的有效性知之甚少。我们对青年参与者对 TSST 的压力反应进行了荟萃分析。包括 57 项研究，代表 5026 名青年参与者。结果表明 TSST 可有效引发唾液皮质醇 (sCort; 效应量 [ES] = 0.47, p = 0.006)、心率 (HR; ES = 0.89, p < 0.001)、射血前期 (PEP) 的应激反应; ES = -0.37, p < 0.001)、心率变异性 (HRV; ES = -0.33, p = 0.028) 和收缩压 (ES = 1.17, p < 0.001)，以及负面影响 (ES = 0.57) , p = 0.004) 和青年样本中的主观焦虑 (ES = 0.80, p = 0.004)。心输出量（ES = 0.15，p = 0.164），呼吸性窦性心律失常 (ES = -0.10, p = 0.064) 和舒张压 (ES = 2.36, p = 0.072) 未达到统计学意义。总体而言，TSST 的效果大小因使用的生理标记而异。此外，几个生理标记表明反应性因青年年龄（sCort、HR、HRV 和 PEP）、性别 (sCort)、样本类型（即临床样本与社区样本；sCort 和 HR）、TSST 持续时间（sCort 、HR、HRV、负面影响和主观焦虑）、TSST 中出现的法官数量（HR 和主观焦虑）、法官的性别 (sCort) 以及评估标记的一天中的时间（早上与下午/晚上；sCort） . 全面的，