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Approximate symmetries and gravity
Journal of High Energy Physics ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/jhep01(2020)088
Sylvain Fichet , Prashant Saraswat

There are strong reasons to believe that global symmetries of quantum theories cannot be exact in the presence of gravity. While this has been argued at the qualitative level, establishing a quantitative statement is more challenging. In this work we take new steps towards quantifying symmetry violation in EFTs with gravity. First, we evaluate global charge violation by microscopic black holes present in a thermal system, which represents an irreducible, universal effect at finite temperature. Second, based on general QFT considerations, we propose that local symmetry-violating processes should be faster than black hole-induced processes at any sub-Planckian temperature. Such a proposal can be seen as part of the “swampland” program to constrain EFTs emerging from quantum gravity. Considering an EFT perspective, we formulate a con- jecture which requires the existence of operators violating global symmetry and places quantitative bounds on them. We study the interplay of our conjecture with emergent symmetries in QFT. In models where gauged U(1)’s enforce accidental symmetries, we find that constraints from the Weak Gravity Conjecture can ensure that our conjecture is satisfied. We also study the consistency of the conjecture with QFT models of emergent symmetries such as extradimensional localization, the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, and the clockwork mechanism.

中文翻译:

近似对称性和重力

有充分的理由相信量子理论的全局对称性在存在引力的情况下不可能是精确的。虽然在定性层面对此进行了争论,但建立定量陈述更具挑战性。在这项工作中,我们采取了新的步骤来量化具有重力的 EFT 中的对称性破坏。首先,我们通过热系统中存在的微观黑洞来评估全局电荷违规,这代表了有限温度下不可约的普遍效应。其次,基于一般 QFT 考虑,我们建议在任何亚普朗克温度下,局部对称性破坏过程应该比黑洞诱导过程更快。这样的提议可以被视为“沼泽地”计划的一部分,以限制从量子引力中出现的 EFT。考虑到 EFT 的观点,我们提出了一个猜想,它要求存在违反全局对称性的算子,并对它们设置定量界限。我们研究了我们的猜想与 QFT 中涌现对称性的相互作用。在测量 U(1) 强制偶然对称的模型中,我们发现弱重力猜想的约束可以确保我们的猜想得到满足。我们还研究了该猜想与紧急对称性 QFT 模型的一致性,例如超维定位、Froggatt-Nielsen 机制和发条机制。我们发现弱引力猜想的约束可以确保我们的猜想得到满足。我们还研究了该猜想与紧急对称性 QFT 模型的一致性,例如超维定位、Froggatt-Nielsen 机制和发条机制。我们发现弱引力猜想的约束可以确保我们的猜想得到满足。我们还研究了该猜想与紧急对称性 QFT 模型的一致性,例如超维定位、Froggatt-Nielsen 机制和发条机制。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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