The cognitive processes involved in inhibitory control accuracy (IC) and interference resolution speed (IR) or broadly - inhibition - are discussed in this review, and both are described within the context of a lifespan model of mood disorders. Inhibitory control (IC) is a binary outcome (success or no for response selection and inhibition of unwanted responses) for any given event that is influenced to an extent by IR. IR refers to the process of inhibition, which can be manipulated by task design in earlier and later stages through use of distractors and timing, and manipulation of individual differences in response proclivity. We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorders. We highlight the challenges in identifying and measuring IC/IR in late life, including specificity to complex, comorbid disease processes. Finally, we discuss some potential avenues for treatment and accommodation of these difficulties across the lifespan, including newer treatments using cognitive remediation training and neuromodulation.

中文翻译：

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干扰消解和抑制控制的寿命模型：抑郁风险和疾病进展的变化。


本综述讨论了与抑制控制准确性（IC）和干扰解决速度（IR）或广义的抑制相关的认知过程，并且两者都是在情绪障碍的寿命模型的背景下进行描述的。抑制控制 (IC) 是任何在一定程度上受 IR 影响的给定事件的二元结果（响应选择成功或失败以及抑制不需要的响应）。 IR是指抑制过程，可以通过早期和后期阶段的任务设计，通过使用干扰物和时机，以及操纵反应倾向的个体差异来操纵。我们描述了这两个过程在整个生命周期的发展，注意到影响这种发展的因素（例如环境、逆境和压力）以及成年前评估 IC/IR 的固有困难（例如交叉信息报告）。我们使用情绪障碍作为说明性示例，说明这种多维结构如何为疾病的状态、特征、脆弱性和神经进展提供信息。我们提供了众多研究和方法中的汇总数据，以检查执行功能这一子结构的终生发展和退化，特别是在情绪障碍中。我们强调了识别和测量晚年 IC/IR 的挑战，包括复杂、共病疾病过程的特异性。最后，我们讨论了在整个生命周期中治疗和适应这些困难的一些潜在途径，包括使用认知补救训练和神经调节的新治疗方法。