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Shell resource partitioning as a mechanism of coexistence in two co-occurring terrestrial hermit crab species.
BMC Ecology Pub Date : 2020-01-16 , DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0268-2
Sebastian Steibl 1 , Christian Laforsch 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Coexistence is enabled by ecological differentiation of the co-occurring species. One possible mechanism thereby is resource partitioning, where each species utilizes a distinct subset of the most limited resource. This resource partitioning is difficult to investigate using empirical research in nature, as only few species are primarily limited by solely one resource, rather than a combination of multiple factors. One exception are the shell-dwelling hermit crabs, which are known to be limited under natural conditions and in suitable habitats primarily by the availability of gastropod shells. In the present study, we used two co-occurring terrestrial hermit crab species, Coenobita rugosus and C. perlatus, to investigate how resource partitioning is realized in nature and whether it could be a driver of coexistence. RESULTS Field sampling of eleven separated hermit crab populations showed that the two co-occurring hermit crab species inhabit the same beach habitat but utilize a distinct subset of the shell resource. Preference experiments and principal component analysis of the shell morphometric data thereby revealed that the observed utilization patterns arise out of different intrinsic preferences towards two distinct shell shapes. While C. rugosus displayed a preference towards a short and globose shell morphology, C. perlatus showed preferences towards an elongated shell morphology with narrow aperture. CONCLUSION The two terrestrial hermit crab species occur in the same habitat but have evolved different preferences towards distinct subsets of the limiting shell resource. Resource partitioning might therefore be the main driver of their ecological differentiation, which ultimately allowed these co-occurring species to coexist in their environment. As the preferred shell morphology of C. rugosus maximizes reproductive output at the expense of protection, while the preferred shell morphology of C. perlatus maximizes protection against predation at the expense of reproductive output, shell resource partitioning might reflect different strategies to respond to the same set of selective pressures occurring in beach habitats. This work offers empirical support for the competitive exclusion principle-hypothesis and demonstrates that hermit crabs are an ideal model organism to investigate resource partitioning in natural populations.

中文翻译:

壳资源分配是两种同时出现的陆地寄居蟹物种共存的一种机制。

背景技术通过共生物种的生态分化能够实现共存。因此,一种可能的机制是资源划分,其中每个物种都利用最有限资源的不同子集。自然界中的经验研究很难对这种资源分配进行调查,因为只有极少数物种主要受到一种资源的限制,而不是多种因素的结合。居住在带壳寄居蟹是一个例外,已知其在自然条件下和在适当的栖息地受到限制,主要是由于腹足纲动物的壳的可用性。在本研究中,我们使用了两种共生的陆生寄居蟹物种Coenobita rugosus和C. perlatus,以研究自然界中如何实现资源分配以及它是否可能成为共存的驱动力。结果对11个分离的寄居蟹种群进行的野外采样显示,这两种同时出现的寄居蟹物种居住在相同的海滩栖息地中,但利用了壳资源的不同子集。壳形态测量数据的偏好实验和主成分分析由此表明,观察到的利用模式是由于对两种不同壳形状的不同内在偏好而产生的。皱纹衣壳显示出对短而球形的壳形态的偏好,而百日草显示出对具有狭窄孔的细长壳形的偏好。结论两种陆生寄居蟹物种都生活在同一栖息地,但对限制性壳资源的不同子集的偏好有所不同。因此,资源划分可能是其生态分化的主要驱动力,这最终使这些共同存在的物种在其环境中共存。由于皱纹念珠菌的首选壳形态以牺牲保护为代价使繁殖产量最大化,而桔梗纤毛的首选壳形态以牺牲生殖产出为代价使对捕食的危害最大化,因此,壳资源划分可能反映了不同的应对策略在海滩栖息地中发生的一系列选择性压力。这项工作为竞争排斥原理假说提供了经验支持,并证明了寄居蟹是研究自然种群资源分配的理想模式生物。最终使这些共生物种在其环境中共存。由于皱纹念珠菌的首选壳形态以牺牲保护为代价使繁殖产量最大化,而桔梗纤毛的首选壳形态以牺牲生殖产出为代价使对捕食的危害最大化,因此,壳资源划分可能反映了不同的应对策略在海滩栖息地中发生的一系列选择性压力。这项工作为竞争排斥原理假说提供了经验支持,并证明了寄居蟹是研究自然种群资源分配的理想模式生物。最终使这些共生物种在其环境中共存。由于皱纹念珠菌的首选壳形态以牺牲保护为代价使繁殖产量最大化,而桔梗纤毛的首选壳形态以牺牲生殖产出为代价使对捕食的危害最大化,因此,壳资源划分可能反映了不同的应对策略在海滩栖息地中发生的一系列选择性压力。这项工作为竞争排斥原理假说提供了经验支持,并证明了寄居蟹是研究自然种群资源分配的理想模式生物。贝拉图斯以牺牲繁殖产量为代价,最大程度地防止了捕食,贝壳资源的划分可能反映了不同的策略,以应对海滩生境中发生的同一组选择性压力。这项工作为竞争排斥原理假说提供了经验支持,并证明了寄居蟹是研究自然种群资源分配的理想模式生物。贝拉图斯以牺牲繁殖产量为代价,最大程度地防止了捕食,贝壳资源的划分可能反映了不同的策略,以应对海滩生境中发生的同一组选择性压力。这项工作为竞争排斥原理假说提供了经验支持,并证明了寄居蟹是研究自然种群资源分配的理想模式生物。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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