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Economic compensation interventions to increase uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227623
Caitlin E Kennedy 1 , Ping Teresa Yeh 1 , Kaitlyn Atkins 1 , Virginia A Fonner 2 , Michael D Sweat 2 , Kevin R O'Reilly 2 , George W Rutherford 3 , Rachel Baggaley 4 , Julia Samuelson 4
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Economic compensation interventions may help support higher voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) coverage in priority sub-Saharan African countries. To inform World Health Organization guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of economic compensation interventions to increase VMMC uptake. METHODS Economic compensation interventions were defined as providing money or in-kind compensation, reimbursement for associated costs (e.g. travel, lost wages), or lottery entry. We searched five electronic databases and four scientific conferences for studies examining the impact of such interventions on VMMC uptake, HIV testing and safer-sex/risk-reduction counseling uptake within VMMC, community expectations about compensation, and potential coercion. We screened citations, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis. We also reviewed studies examining acceptability, values/preferences, costs, and feasibility. RESULTS Of 2484 citations identified, five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three non-randomized controlled trials met our eligibility criteria. Studies took place in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Meta-analysis of four RCTs showed significant impact of any economic compensation on VMMC uptake (relative risk: 5.23, 95% CI: 3.13 to 8.76). RCTs of food/transport vouchers and conditional cash transfers generally showed increases in VMMC uptake, but lotteries, subsidized VMMC, and receiving a gift appeared somewhat less effective. Three non-randomized trials showed mixed impact. Six additional studies suggested economic compensation interventions were generally acceptable, valued for addressing key barriers, and motivating to men. However, some participants felt they were insufficiently motivating or necessary; one study suggested they might raise community suspicions. One study from South Africa found a program cost of US$91 per additional circumcision and US$450-$1350 per HIV infection averted. CONCLUSIONS Economic compensation interventions, particularly transport/food vouchers, positively impacted VMMC uptake among adult men and were generally acceptable to potential clients. Carefully selected economic interventions may be a useful targeted strategy to enhance VMMC coverage.

中文翻译:

经济补偿措施,以增加男性自愿接受包皮环切术预防艾滋病的吸收:系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术经济补偿干预措施可以帮助支持在优先撒哈拉以南非洲国家中更高的自愿男性包皮环切术(VMMC)覆盖率。为了向世界卫生组织提供指导,我们对提高VMMC摄入量的经济补偿措施进行了系统的审查。方法经济补偿措施被定义为提供金钱或实物补偿,相关费用(例如旅行,工资损失)或彩票进入的补偿。我们搜索了五个电子数据库和四个科学会议,以研究此类干预措施对VMMC摄入,HIV测试和VMMC内更安全的性行为/降低风险的咨询服务的影响,社区对薪酬的期望以及潜在的胁迫。我们筛选了引文,提取了数据,并评估了重复出现的偏见风险。我们进行了随机效应荟萃分析。我们还审查了检查可接受性,价值/偏好,成本和可行性的研究。结果在2484篇文献中,有5篇随机对照试验(RCT)和3篇非随机对照试验均符合我们的资格标准。在肯尼亚,马拉维,南非,坦桑尼亚,乌干达,赞比亚和津巴布韦进行了研究。对四个RCT的荟萃分析显示,任何经济补偿对VMMC摄取均具有显着影响(相对风险:5.23,95%CI:3.13至8.76)。食品/运输凭单的RCT和有条件的现金转移通常显示VMMC的摄取量增加,但是彩票,补贴的VMMC和收到礼物似乎效果不佳。三项非随机试验显示了不同的影响。另外六项研究表明,经济补偿措施通常是可以接受的,对于解决主要障碍和激励男性具有重要意义。但是,一些参与者认为他们没有足够的动力或必要性。一项研究表明,他们可能会引起社区的怀疑。南非的一项研究发现,每增加一例包皮环切术,一项计划的成本为91美元,而每避免一例HIV感染,成本为450至1350美元。结论经济补偿措施,尤其是运输/食品券,对成年男性的VMMC摄取产生了积极影响,并且通常被潜在客户接受。精心选择的经济干预措施可能是提高VMMC覆盖率的有用的针对性策略。一项研究表明,他们可能会引起社区的怀疑。南非的一项研究发现,每包额外的包皮环切术一项计划的费用为91美元,每避免一次HIV感染的费用为450至1350美元。结论经济补偿措施,尤其是运输/食品券,对成年男性的VMMC摄取产生了积极影响,并且通常被潜在客户接受。精心选择的经济干预措施可能是提高VMMC覆盖率的有用的针对性策略。一项研究表明,他们可能会引起社区的怀疑。南非的一项研究发现,每包额外的包皮环切术一项计划的费用为91美元,每避免一次HIV感染的费用为450至1350美元。结论经济补偿措施,尤其是运输/食品券,对成年男性的VMMC摄取产生了积极影响,并且通常被潜在客户接受。精心选择的经济干预措施可能是提高VMMC覆盖率的有用的针对性策略。
更新日期:2020-01-16
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