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Projected costs of single-payer healthcare financing in the United States: A systematic review of economic analyses.
PLOS Medicine ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003013
Christopher Cai 1 , Jackson Runte 1 , Isabel Ostrer 1 , Kacey Berry 1 , Ninez Ponce 2 , Michael Rodriguez 3 , Stefano Bertozzi 4 , Justin S White 1 , James G Kahn 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The United States is the only high-income nation without universal, government-funded or -mandated health insurance employing a unified payment system. The US multi-payer system leaves residents uninsured or underinsured, despite overall healthcare costs far above other nations. Single-payer (often referred to as Medicare for All), a proposed policy solution since 1990, is receiving renewed press attention and popular support. Our review seeks to assess the projected cost impact of a single-payer approach. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted our literature search between June 1 and December 31, 2018, without start date restriction for included studies. We surveyed an expert panel and searched PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and preexisting lists for formal economic studies of the projected costs of single-payer plans for the US or for individual states. Reviewer pairs extracted data on methods and findings using a template. We quantified changes in total costs standardized to percentage of contemporaneous healthcare spending. Additionally, we quantified cost changes by subtype, such as costs due to increased healthcare utilization and savings due to simplified payment administration, lower drug costs, and other factors. We further examined how modeling assumptions affected results. Our search yielded economic analyses of the cost of 22 single-payer plans over the past 30 years. Exclusions were due to inadequate technical data or assuming a substantial ongoing role for private insurers. We found that 19 (86%) of the analyses predicted net savings (median net result was a savings of 3.46% of total costs) in the first year of program operation and 20 (91%) predicted savings over several years; anticipated growth rates would result in long-term net savings for all plans. The largest source of savings was simplified payment administration (median 8.8%), and the best predictors of net savings were the magnitude of utilization increase, and savings on administration and drug costs (R2 of 0.035, 0.43, and 0.62, respectively). Only drug cost savings remained significant in multivariate analysis. Included studies were heterogeneous in methods, which precluded us from conducting a formal meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we found a high degree of analytic consensus for the fiscal feasibility of a single-payer approach in the US. Actual costs will depend on plan features and implementation. Future research should refine estimates of the effects of coverage expansion on utilization, evaluate provider administrative costs in varied existing single-payer systems, analyze implementation options, and evaluate US-based single-payer programs, as available.

中文翻译:


美国单一付款人医疗保健融资的预计成本:经济分析的系统回顾。



背景技术美国是唯一没有采用统一支付系统的全民、政府资助或强制医疗保险的高收入国家。尽管总体医疗费用远高于其他国家,但美国的多支付系统导致居民没有保险或保险不足。单一支付者(通常称为全民医疗保险)是自 1990 年以来提出的一项政策解决方案,正在重新受到媒体关注和民众支持。我们的审查旨在评估单一付款人方法的预计成本影响。方法和结果我们在2018年6月1日至12月31日期间进行了文献检索,纳入研究没有开始日期限制。我们调查了一个专家小组,并搜索了 PubMed、Google、Google Scholar 和现有列表,以获取有关美国或各个州单一付款人计划预计成本的正式经济研究。审稿人使用模板配对提取有关方法和结果的数据。我们将总成本的变化标准化为同期医疗保健支出的百分比进行了量化。此外,我们还按子类型量化了成本变化,例如由于医疗保健利用率增加而产生的成本以及由于简化支付管理、降低药品成本和其他因素而节省的成本。我们进一步研究了建模假设如何影响结果。我们的搜索对过去 30 年来 22 个单一付款人计划的成本进行了经济分析。排除的原因是技术数据不足或私人保险公司持续发挥重要作用。我们发现 19 项 (86%) 分析预测了净节省(净结果中位数为节省 3.项目运行第一年节省总成本的 46%,20 人 (91%) 预计几年后可节省费用;预期增长率将为所有计划带来长期净节省。节省的最大来源是简化支付管理(中位数为 8.8%),净节省的最佳预测因素是利用率增加的幅度以及管理和药品成本的节省(R2 分别为 0.035、0.43 和 0.62)。在多变量分析中,只有药物成本节省仍然显着。纳入的研究方法各异,这使我们无法进行正式的荟萃分析。结论 在这次系统审查中,我们发现对于美国单一付款人方法的财政可行性存在高度的分析共识。实际成本将取决于计划的特点和实施。未来的研究应完善对覆盖范围扩大对利用率影响的估计,评估各种现有单一付款人系统中的提供商管理成本,分析实施方案,并评估现有的美国单一付款人计划。
更新日期:2020-01-16
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