Abstract A hierarchical micro/nanoscale scaffold fabricated using a combined method involving an electric-field (E-field)-assisted printing and plasma-treatment process was proposed for myoblast alignment and differentiation. By appropriately selecting various processing conditions, including the E-field strength and printing parameters, a uniaxially aligned bundle of polycaprolactone (PCL) consisting of microsized struts (diameter = 40–50 μm) was stably obtained. After the PCL struts were printed, oxygen-plasma treatment was applied, and eventually a chemically and physically modified nanoscale structure on their surfaces was achieved. To investigate the feasibility of the struts as a biomedical scaffold for muscle tissue regeneration, in vitro C2C12 myoblast activities, including the cell proliferation, cell alignment, and myotube formation, were evaluated. The unique fabricated structure exhibited significantly higher cellular activities, including myotube formation and myogenic gene expression, than non-hierarchical and flat surfaces.

中文翻译：

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使用电场辅助 3D 打印结合等离子体蚀刻制造的具有微/纳米尺度地形线索的支架，以增强成肌细胞的排列和分化

摘要 提出了一种采用电场（E 场）辅助打印和等离子体处理工艺的组合方法制造的分级微/纳米级支架，用于成肌细胞的排列和分化。通过适当地选择各种加工条件，包括E场强度和印刷参数，稳定地获得由微淀粉（直径=40-50μm）组成的单轴排列的聚己内酯（PCL）。在印刷 PCL 支柱后，应用氧等离子体处理，最终在其表面实现了化学和物理改性的纳米级结构。为了研究支柱作为肌肉组织再生、体外 C2C12 成肌细胞活性（包括细胞增殖、细胞排列和肌管形成）的生物医学支架的可行性，被评估。与非分层和平坦表面相比，独特的制造结构表现出显着更高的细胞活性，包括肌管形成和肌源性基因表达。